The potentially life-threatening effects of total body ionizing radiation exposure have been known for more than a century. Despite considerable advances in our understanding of the effects of radiation over the past six decades, efforts to identify effective radiation countermeasures for use in case of a radiological/nuclear emergency have been largely unsuccessful. Vitamin E is known to have ...

Radiotherapy (RT) is the most widely used cancer treatment modality that plays a pivotal role in the management of wide variety of cancers and malignancies. About 50% of all cancer patients receive radiation treatment during the course of their disease (1). Although by advances in medical technologies the final goal of RT, deliver the highest radiation dose to the tumor volume and sparing surro...

The purpose of the review is to briefly list widely used 43 drugs that can be as readily available non-toxic radioprotectors and radiomitigators in GDR relevant situations. Caffeine, acetylcysteine, ceruloplasmin, ibuprofen, acetylsalicylic acid, carnosine, cyclosporine, metformin, cholecalciferol, amifostine, artemisinin, theaflavin, succinic chlorophyllin, diltiazem, ferulic glutathione, glyc...

Ionizing radiations are one of the predominant exogenous factors that have deleterious consequences to human life The biological effects of the radiation cause damages to DNAs, lipids and proteins. Exposure to high amounts of ionizing radiation causes damages to the hematopoietic, gastrointestinal or central nervous systems, depending on radiation dose. Hence, there is an urgent need to prevent...

Ionizing radiations produce deleterious effects in the living organisms and the rapid technological advancement has increased human exposure to ionizing radiations enormously. There is a need to protect humans against such effects of ionizing radiation. Attempts to protect against the deleterious effects of ionizing radiations by pharmacological intervention were made as early as 1949 and effor...

Radiation is used in the treatment of a broad range of malignancies. Exposure of normal tissue to radiation may result in both acute and chronic toxicities that can result in an inability to deliver the intended therapy, a range of symptoms, and a decrease in quality of life. Radioprotectors are compounds that are designed to reduce the damage in normal tissues caused by radiation. These compou...

PURPOSE There is considerable research directed toward the identification and development of functional contrast agents for medical imaging that superimpose tissue biochemical/molecular information with anatomical structures. Nitroxide radicals were identified as in vivo radioprotectors. Being paramagnetic, they can provide image contrast in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and electron paramag...