introduction: orthogonal radial fields are those in which the central axes are perpendicular to each other. an example of these orthogonal fields is the set of craniospinal orthogonal fields that are used for radiotherapy of medulloblastoma. craniospinal radial fields consist of two parallel-opposed fields for brain exposure and one or two posterior spinal fields for spinal cord exposure. the m...

Introduction: Orthogonal radial fields are those in which the central axes are perpendicular to each other. An example of these orthogonal fields is the set of craniospinal orthogonal fields that are used for radiotherapy of medulloblastoma. Craniospinal radial fields consist of two parallel-opposed fields for brain exposure and one or two posterior spinal fields for spinal cord exposure. The m...

Since the clinical implementation of novel rotational forms of intensity-modulated radiotherapy, a variety of planning studies have been published that reinforce the major selling points of the technique. Namely, comparable or even improved dose distributions with a reduction in both monitor units and treatment times, when compared with static gantry intensity-modulated radiotherapy. Although t...

although many methods exist for intensity modulated radiotherapy (imrt) fluence map optimization for crisp data, based on clinical practice, some of the involved parameters are fuzzy. in this paper, the best fluence maps for an imrt procedure were identifed as a solution of an optimization problem with a quadratic objective function, where the prescribed target dose vector was fuzzy. first, a d...