The way we conceptualize rain is fundamental in many branches of science since it provides the basis not only for rain modeling notably in meteorology and hydrology, but also for interpreting rain data (from gauges and radars). In order to empirically address this question, we use stereophotographic data to measure the positions and volumes of raindrops from approximately 10 m(3) regions contai...

Technological developments and the trend to go higher and higher in frequency give rise to the need for true space–time rain field models for testing the dynamics of fade countermeasures. There are many models that capture the spatial correlation of rain fields. Worth mentioning are those models based on cell ensembles. However, the rain rate fields created in this way need the introduction of ...

Tropical rain forest expansion and savanna woody vegetation thickening appear to be a global trend, but there remains uncertainty about whether there is a common set of global drivers. Using geographic information techniques, we analyzed aerial photography of five areas in the humid tropics of northeastern Queensland, Australia, taken in the 1950s and 2008, to determine if changes in rain fores...

WIND SCATTEROMETRY WITH IMPROVED AMBIGUITY SELECTION AND RAIN MODELING David Draper Electrical and Computer Engineering Doctor of Philosophy Although generally accurate, the quality of SeaWinds on QuikSCAT scatterometer ocean vector winds is compromised by certain natural phenomena and retrieval algorithm limitations. This dissertation addresses three main contributers to scatterometer estimate...

This work presents a three dimensional model simulating water transfers in soil and root systems (figures will be 2D for a better readability). Simulations are usually performed using a layer discretisation of soil space ([12]) often monodimensional or a global fluxes budget ([15]). Some experimental models simulate individual roots ([2]) but are huge consumers of computer ressources. Our appro...

The demand for high capacity data communication is increasing continuously and rapidly. More Network-based multimedia applications such as Internet protocol Television (IPTV), video on demand (VoD), voice over Internet protocol (VoIP), and other broadband services are emerging. Due to congestion in the lower frequency bands many of the services may use millimeter wavelength bands. A good unders...

1. INTRODUCTION The granularity of raindrops within a rain volume has been the focus of recent research projects such as the ones dealing with numerical simulation of pollutants scavenging and radar microwave electromagnetic energy dispersion by rainfall, represented by radar reflectivity factor. The raindrop size distribution (RSD) characteristics depend on the microphysical, dynamical and kin...