Despite much interest and progress in optical spatial cloaking, a three-dimensional (3D), transmitting, continuously multidirectional cloak in the visible regime has not yet been demonstrated. Here we experimentally demonstrate such a cloak using ray optics, albeit with some edge effects. Our device requires no new materials, uses isotropic off-the-shelf optics, scales easily to cloak arbitrari...

Monocapillary X-ray optics are a promising technology for producing intense microbeams of X rays.’ When coupled with laboratory X-ray sources, these optics are an enabling technology for the implementation of X-ray-based micro-spectrometer with spatial resolutions ranging from 1 to 25 microns. These instruments use X-ray fluorescence to determine the composition and thickness of materials with ...

Einstein had to learn the mathematics of Lorentz transformations in order to complete his covariant formulation of Maxwell’s equations. The mathematics of Lorentz transformations, called the Lorentz group, continues playing its important role in optical sciences. It is the basic mathematical language for coherent and squeezed states. It is noted that the six-parameter Lorentz group can be repre...

The compositions of diverse planetary bodies are of fundamental interest to planetary science, providing clues to the formation and evolutionary history of the target bodies and the solar system as a whole. Utilizing the X-ray fluorescence unique to each atomic element, X-ray imaging spectroscopy is a powerful diagnostic tool of the chemical and mineralogical compositions of diverse planetary b...

35.1 INTRODUCTION X rays have a century-long history of medical and technological application. Optics have come to play an important role in many capacities. This chapter examines how various X-ray optics enable typical applications, and the factors that influence optics choices. It is not feasible in this chapter to discuss every possible utilization of X-ray optics. Rather, a representative s...

In this work we examine the use of ray-transfer matrices for teaching and for deriving some topics in a Fourier optics course, exploiting the mathematical simplicity of ray matrices compared to diffraction integrals. A simple analysis of the physical meaning of the elements of the ray matrix provides a fast derivation of the conditions to obtain the optical Fourier transform. We extend this der...

The phase matrix and several quantities for single scattering by an arbitrarily oriented circular cylinder are formulated by using the approximation of ray optics, which includes geometrical reflection and refraction plus Fraunhofer diffraction; then the effects of polarization are considered. Computations were made using electromagnetic wave theory and ray optics approximations for m = 1.31-0....