نتایج جستجو برای: reactive astrocytes

تعداد نتایج: 171535  

Journal: :The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 2006
Bin Liu Huiyi Chen Terrance G Johns Arthur H Neufeld

Modulating the behaviors of reactive astrocytes is a potential therapeutic strategy for neurodegenerative diseases. We found that upregulation and activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) occur in astrocytes after different injuries in optic nerves in vivo. Activation of EGFR regulates genes and cellular processes representing most major markers of reactive astrocytes and genes...

Journal: :Acta Neuropathologica Communications 2020

Journal: :Frontiers in Oncology 2017

2017
Daniel Sun Sara Moore Tatjana C Jakobs

Reactive remodeling of optic nerve head astrocytes is consistently observed in glaucoma and other optic nerve injuries. However, it is unknown whether this reactivity is beneficial or harmful for visual function. In this study, we used the Cre recombinase (Cre)-loxP system under regulation of the mouse glial fibrillary acidic protein promoter to knock out the transcription factor signal transdu...

Journal: :Neuroscience Research 2013
Takeshi Marumo Yasushi Takagi Kazue Muraki Nobuo Hashimoto Susumu Miyamoto Kenji Tanigaki

Treatment with DAPT, an inhibitor of the Notch-activating enzyme, γ-secretase is known to reduce damage to ischemic brain. However, the molecular mechanisms supporting this therapeutic effect are not fully understood. Here we demonstrated that Notch/RBP-J signaling is activated in NG2(+) glial progenitors and reactive astrocytes such as GFAP(+) cells, Nestin(+) cells and RC2(+) cells, using Not...

Journal: :Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2013
Fangfang Bi Cao Huang Jianbin Tong Guang Qiu Bo Huang Qinxue Wu Fang Li Zuoshang Xu Robert Bowser Xu-Gang Xia Hongxia Zhou

Glial reaction is a common feature of neurodegenerative diseases. Recent studies have suggested that reactive astrocytes gain neurotoxic properties, but exactly how reactive astrocytes contribute to neurotoxicity remains to be determined. Here, we identify lipocalin 2 (lcn2) as an inducible factor that is secreted by reactive astrocytes and that is selectively toxic to neurons. We show that lcn...

2001
Sudarshan K. Malhotra Theodor K. Shnitka

Normal astrocytes in the adult undergo hypertrophy and proliferation and transform into reactive astrocytes following many types of central nervous system (CNS) injury (1–5). This process is termed astrogliosis and may result in the formation of a glial scar. Morphological studies on astrogliosis by neuroanatomists and pathologists at the beginning of this century focused on the most florid exa...

2015
Swetlana Sirko Johannes Beckers Martin Irmler

Here, we review the stem cell hallmarks of endogenous neural stem cells (NSCs) during development and in some niches of the adult mammalian brain to then compare these with reactive astrocytes acquiring stem cell hallmarks after traumatic and ischemic brain injury. Notably, even endogenous NSCs including the earliest NSCs, the neuroepithelial cells, generate in most cases only a single type of ...

Journal: :Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience 2021

Astrocytes play a crucial role in the maintenance of normal functions Central Nervous System (CNS). During pathogenesis neurodegenerative diseases, astrocytes undergo morphological and functional remodeling, process called reactive astrogliosis, response to insults CNS. One key aspects is change expression function connexins. Connexins are channel proteins that highly expressed astrocytes, form...

Journal: :Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism 2008
Lizhen Li Andrea Lundkvist Daniel Andersson Ulrika Wilhelmsson Nobuo Nagai Andrea C Pardo Christina Nodin Anders Ståhlberg Karina Aprico Kerstin Larsson Takeshi Yabe Lieve Moons Andrew Fotheringham Ioan Davies Peter Carmeliet Joan P Schwartz Marcela Pekna Mikael Kubista Fredrik Blomstrand Nicholas Maragakis Michael Nilsson Milos Pekny

Reactive astrocytes are thought to protect the penumbra during brain ischemia, but direct evidence has been lacking due to the absence of suitable experimental models. Previously, we generated mice deficient in two intermediate filament (IF) proteins, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and vimentin, whose upregulation is the hallmark of reactive astrocytes. GFAP(-/-)Vim(-/-) mice exhibit at...

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