Abstract F DI can create employment and reduce poverty, increase the host country’s export capacity causing the developing country to increase its foreign exchange earnings. The aim of this study is to investigate whether FDI affect economic growth in GCC countries over the period 1980-2014 using ARDL approaches. The empirical results show that the FDI is one of the major drivers of e...

this paper examines the causal relationship between energy use and real gdp for the period 1967-2002 in iran. the results of phillips- perron test indicate that the real gdp and the four categories of energy, i.e. coal, oil, gas, and hydroelectric energy are integrated of order one. besides, the johansen — juselius maximum likelihood co- integration tests imply the existence of granger causalit...

Real GDP and oil prices are decomposed into common stochastic trend and cycle processes, using structural time series models. Potential real GDP is represented by the level of the trend component of real GDP. The potential rate of growth of real GDP is represented by the stochastic drift element of the trend component. We find that there is a strong association at the trend and cycle frequencie...

abstract i n this paper we investigated total energy consumption and its individual forms (oil, natural gas, electricity, renewable energies and coal) relationship with real gross domestic product (gdp) in iran. we employed hsiao’s (1981) methodology and annual data which cover 1967-2010 for investigation. the empirical findings indicate there is bidirectional causality effect with real gdp and...

Abstract I n this paper we investigated total energy consumption and its individual forms (oil, natural gas, electricity, renewable energies and coal) relationship with real gross domestic product (GDP) in Iran. We employed Hsiao’s (1981) methodology and annual data which cover 1967-2010 for investigation. The empirical findings indicate there is bidirectional causality ef...

This paper examines the causal relationship between energy use and real GDP for the period 1967-2002 in Iran. The results of Phillips- Perron test indicate that the real GDP and the four categories of energy, i.e. coal, oil, gas, and hydroelectric energy are integrated of order one. Besides, the Johansen — Juselius maximum likelihood co- integration tests imply the existence of Granger causalit...

We examine the extent to which U.S. patent applications and patents granted respond to the cyclical variation of the U.S. economy as reflected by major macroeconomic aggregates such as real GDP and others. We find that patents granted are cointegrated with GDP and research and development indicating a long run stochastic relationship among these variables. We also find Granger Causality going f...

A number of industrialized and developing countries agreed to the terms of the Kyoto protocol to conserve energy and reduce emissions. The close relationship between energy consumption and real GDP growth suggests that energy conservation policies are likely to affect real GDP growth. In this paper, the possible impact of energy conservation policies on the New Zealand economy is examined and c...