Abstract What is the philosophical role of an historical account how someone, or some people, came to believe value as they do? I consider proposals, due Bernard Williams and David Wiggins, according which such might either vindicate subvert our believing valuing we do. suggest reasons for scepticism about those at least when construed providing a fundamental means assessing cases valuing. The ...

introduction: this study aimed at examining body image and eating attitude with regard to reasons of exercising among non-athlete women attending sport centers. materials and methods: the present study has an ex-post facto design. 315 female sports center users were selected by multi-phase random clustering and completed the following rating scales: eating attitudes test-26 (eat-26), body image...

Philosophers have often noted a contrast between practical and theoretical reasons when it comes to cases involving equally balanced reasons. When there are strong for A-ing, some incompatible option, B-ing, the agent is permitted make an arbitrary choice them, having sufficient reason A B. But evidence P ~ P, one isn’t simply believe or other. Instead, must withhold belief, neither believing t...