according to the famous theory in iranian jurisprudence, civil liability of the vehicle keepers against third party is on the res ipsa loquitor, duty of care, or risk, or a combination of them. regarding to these foundations, if a vehicle keeper has not a policy of insurance covering third party damage, he or she must compensate the damage although has not caused the accident. this was inferenc...

Many exciting things happened since I left the ExtrAns project at the University of Zurich. In this paper I present a very brief journal of the research that derived from my work at Zurich. My work combined a study of several representations of questions and answer sentences with the development of procedures to find the answer. The culmination of this work was the definition of the Logical Gra...

We present a unified logical framework for representing and reasoning about both quantitative and qualitative preferences in fuzzy answer set programming [Saad, 2010; Saad, 2009; Subrahmanian, 1994], called fuzzy answer set optimization programs. The proposed framework is vital to allow defining quantitative preferences over the possible outcomes of qualitative preferences. We show the applicat...

We present a logical framework to represent and reason about stochastic optimization problems based on probability answer set programming [Saad and Pontelli, 2006; Saad, 2006; Saad, 2007a]. This is established by allowing probability optimization aggregates, e.g., minimum and maximum in the language of probability answer set programming to allow minimization or maximization of some desired crit...

This paper relates inference in extended logic programming with non-classical, nonmonotonic logics. We deene a nonmonotonic logic, called equilibrium logic, based on the least constructive extension, N2, of the intermediate logic of \here-and-there". We show that on logic programs equilibrium logic coincides with the inference operation associated with the stable model and answer set semantics ...

where A0, . . . An are atoms and not is a logical connective called negation as failure. Also, for every rule let us define head(ρ) = A0, pos(ρ) = A1, . . . , Am, neg(ρ) = Am+1, . . . , An and body(ρ) = pos(ρ)∪ neg(ρ). The head of rules is never empty, while if body(ρ) = ∅ we refer to ρ as a fact. A logic program is defined as a collection of rules. Rules with variables are taken as shorthand f...

This paper provides a logical framework of negotiating agents who have capabilities of evaluating and building proposals. Given a proposal, an agent decides whether it is acceptable or not. If the proposal is unacceptable as it is, the agent seeks conditions to accept it. This attitude is captured as a process of making hypotheses by induction. If an agent fails to find a hypothesis, it would c...

We present a unified logical framework for representing and reasoning about both probability quantitative and qualitative preferences in probability answer set programming [Saad and Pontelli, 2006; Saad, 2006; Saad, 2007a], called probability answer set optimization programs. The proposed framework is vital to allow defining probability quantitative preferences over the possible outcomes of qua...