Estrogen receptor (ER) signaling is a critical regulator of cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival in breast cancer (BC) other hormone-sensitive cancers. In this review, we explore the mechanism ER-dependent downstream BC role estrogens as growth factors necessary for invasion dissemination. The significance clinical implications ER BC, including potential endocrine therapies that ta...

Chemotherapy has remained the mainstay for treatment of multiple types cancers. In particular, topical use chemotherapy been used skin Though effective, limited due to adverse effects such as local and even systemic toxicities. Given our ongoing studies that exposure pro-oxidative stressors, including therapeutic agents induces generation extracellular vesicles known microvesicle particles (MVP...

Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have been reported to be at increased risk of a number of gynecological neoplasias, including endometrial, breast, and ovarian cancer. The data supporting an increased risk is almost entirely inferential, based primarily on small case series or shared risk factors. One of the difficulties in exploring the association between these cancers and PCOS, is...

Background: Estrogen-negative breast cancers have different clinical course, prognostic features and treatment response in comparison to estrogen receptor-positive (ER-positive) breast cancers. Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) oncoprotein has found to have a pivotal role in natural cell growth and cell division and is suggested to be directly related to tumor invasiveness in brea...

expression of receptor tyrosine kinase ror1 in a wide variety of cancers has emerged as a new era focusing on targeting this receptor in cancer therapy. our preliminary re-sults indicate the presence of a truncated transcript of ror1 in tumor cells. the trun-cated ror1 encompasses extracellular and transmembrane domains, lacking catalytic kinase domain (ror1-ecd). as enzyme activity is highly d...

Breast cancer is a heterogeneous malignancy; its age-specific incidence profile rises exponentially until menopause and increases more slowly thereafter, reflecting the superimposition of early-onset and late-onset breast cancer rates. While early-onset breast cancers largely represent inherited or early life transforming effects on immature mammary epithelium, late-onset breast cancers likely ...

Monoclonal antibodies targeting tumors are one of the most important discoveries in field cancer. Although several effective have been developed, a relapse may occur. One their mechanisms action is Antibody Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity (ADCC), by engaging Fc γ receptor CD16 expressing Natural Killer cells, innate lymphoid cells involved cancer immunosurveillance and able to kill tumor cells. A l...