A nuclear continuous bagasse weigher was installed at Felixton Sugar Mill towards the end of the 1973174 crushing season and accuracy checks were performed on the weigher using an assized weighbridge as the reference standard. The average error was found to be 0,2% of full scale whilst the individual test errors were all well within 2% of full scale.

A commercial hardness testing machine was provided to represent a hardness reference standard in Slovenia. In order to evaluate how accurate the hardness scales realised with this machine could be, the main influence factors contributing to the uncertainties were verified and comparative measurements carried out, the results of which were compared with several laboratories owning primary hardne...

− This paper is focused on the problems related to the calibration of the reactive energy meters on the place of installation of the electricity meter (on-site), using the load of the same electrical system. In the presence of harmonic distortion, the behaviour of the meters can go out of the limits imposed by the theoretical calibration curve, depending on the metric used by both reference sta...

In this paper, we present a set of techniques for the evaluation of brain tissue classifiers on a large data set of MR images of the head. Due to the difficulty of establishing a gold standard for this type of data, we focus our attention on methods which do not require a ground truth, but instead rely on a common agreement principle. Three different techniques are presented: the Williams' inde...

The accuracy of the rate or frequency of an atomic time scale is the degree to which its unit agrees with the SI second. Primary frequency standards are constructed in such a manner that t,hey provide the most accurate possible physical realization of the SI second. These standards are then used to calibrate or construct an atomic time scale which may also be used as a stable reference standard...

Two dichotomous screening tests are often compared by performing both tests in a sampled population, and submitting positive results on either test to verification by the reference standard. Unbiased estimates of the true positive and false positive rates of each test cannot be estimated directly. However, unbiased estimates of the relative true positive and relative false positive rates may be...

A universal challenge in studies that quantify the accuracy of diagnostic tests is establishing whether each participant has the disease of interest. Ideally, the same preferred reference standard would be used for all participants; however, for practical or ethical reasons, alternative reference standards that are often less accurate are frequently used instead. The use of different reference ...

Automated approaches to measuring semantic similarity and relatedness can provide necessary semantic context information for information retrieval applications and a number of fundamental natural language processing tasks including word sense disambiguation. Challenges for the development of these approaches include the limited availability of validated reference standards and the need for bett...

When an innovative biological product goes off-patent, biopharmaceutical or biotechnological companies may file an application for regulatory approval of biosimilar products. In practice, however, important information on the innovative (reference) product may not be available for assessment. Thus, it is important to first establish a reference standard while assessing biosimilarity between a b...