Six patients with status epilepticus (SE) of various etiologies refractory to at least two antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) had complete cessation of their seizures following administration of oral levetiracetam (LEV). Seizure types included convulsive, focal, and nonconvulsive status epilepticus. Effective doses of levetiracetam ranged from 500 to 3000 mg/day, achieving seizure control within 12-96 ...

As in Clark and Prout's classic work, we identify three phases of generalised convulsive status epilepticus, which we call impending, established, and subtle. We review physiological and subcellular changes that might play a part in the transition from single seizures to status epilepticus and in the development of time-dependent pharmacoresistance. We review the principles underlying the treat...

Status epilepticus is defined as continuous seizure activity for greater than 5 minutes or consecutive seizures without regaining consciousness over 5 minutes. Status epilepticus is common in the epilepsy population and is often associated with acute, severe neurological injury or illness such as traumatic brain injury (TBI), intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), meningitis, or pharmacologic toxicity...

R. Fallah MD Abstract: Objective Refractory convulsive Status Epilepticus (SE) which does not respond to first line drugs (benzodiazepines, phenytoin and phenobarbital) heralds an emergency condition in pediatric neurology which can cause irreparable brain damage. There is no consensus on the choice of drug treatment for refractory generalized convulsive status epilepticus in children. Lidocain...

Abstract Convulsive status epilepticus is the most serious manifestation of an epileptic diathesis. In early stages (5–30 min), there exists class A evidence to support efficacy benzodiazepines as first-line treatment. As progresses into later stages, for treatment becomes less robust until we are depending upon short case series and reports refractory epilepticus. However, past year saw public...

Status epilepticus (SE) is one of the most common emergencies in neurocritical care. In Germany, the incidence of SE is about 17/100 000 per year, increasing with age [1]. Especially generalized convulsive (tonic-clonic) status epilepticus (GCSE) is still associated with a high risk of morbidity and mortality [2]. SE is defined as a single prolonged seizure or a series of two or more consecutiv...

Autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy (ADNFLE) is a familial partial epilepsy syndrome characterized by seizures suggesting a frontal lobe origin occurring predominantly during sleep. Up to a third of patients may have refractory seizures, with repeated episodes of status epilepticus, intellectual disability of variable degree and psychiatric disturbances. We report a patient with ...

Overt status epilepticus and persistent obtundation after a witnessed clinical seizure are neurologic emergencies. Early recognition and intervention in the electroclinical syndrome of status epilepticus reduces morbidity, although treatment of the underlying etiology is also critical. This review outlines key concepts related to status epilepticus, delineates an approach to the early managemen...