In the light of previous literature fertility determines different economic, social and program inputs variables. The main object of this study to investigate the impact of sector specific (health and education) foreign aid on fertility in case of Pakistan. For empirical investigation Auto Regressive Distributed Lag Model (ARDL) is used over the period of 1973-2012. The results of the study sho...

this study has investigated the long-run and short-run effects of relative productivity on real exchange rate using annual time series data of iran and its major trade partners over the period 1980-2005. to analyze such effect which refers to the balassa-samuelson effect, this research uses auto-regressive distributed lags (ardl) method, to deal with dynamics of the relationship between product...

Purpose The objectives of this study are twofold. First, it intends to investigate the symmetric link between initial public offering (IPO) variability and determinants stock market index, treasury bill rate, inflation, GDP growth rate foreign direct investment. Second, examine asymmetric IPO aforementioned determinants, namely Design/methodology/approach Data from 1992 2018 were gathered count...

Abstract. Droughts form a large part of climate- or weather-related disasters reported globally. In Africa, pastoralists living in the arid and semi-arid lands (ASALs) are worse affected. Prolonged dry spells that cause vegetation stress these regions have resulted loss income livelihoods. To curb this, global initiatives like Paris Agreement United Nations recognised need to establish early wa...

Profitability (ROA) study of the Indian pharmaceutical industry has been studied under dynamic conditions to avoid endogeneity issues. Vector Error Correction Mode (VECM) results suggest short-run and long-run dependency profitability on working capital intensity, research & development physical intensity. Physical intensity exhibited a negative impact ROA. Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (...

This study aims to examine the impact of Institutional quality, Employment, and trade openness on environment (CO2 emission in metric tonnes) for period between 2002 2021, using data from top ten CO2-producing nations (China, United States, India, Russia, Japan, Germany, Iran, South Korea, Saudi Arabia, Indonesia). We employ panel-based Auto Regressive Distributive Lags (ARDL) model that includ...

one of the most significant discussion and challenges propounded in the macroeconomics is the effects of fluctuations of exchange rate on the macroeconomic variables (production, employment, inflation and … etc).in this direction, the important and noticeable point is the factors which lead to fluctuations in the exchange rate which, from amongst these factors as an example, is fluctuations in ...

Corruption might occur in many places within the government. Information and Communication Technology (ICT) can be used to create a more open transparent government enabling Control of (CoC). The research presented this paper aims analyze effect ICT on CoC Using panel data ASEAN countries over 33 years from 1984 2016, study examined utilizing Auto-Regressive Distributed Lags (ARDL). results rei...