The effect of 24-h water deprivation and subsequent drinking on systemic fluid balance and subjective sensations has been determined in human beings. The deprivation caused significant intracellular and extracellular depletions, thirst, and a dry unpleasant tasting mouth. During rehydration, subjects drank 65% of their total intake within 2.5 min. The marked decrease in drinking rate thereafter...

Acute gastroenteritis is a very common disease. It causes significant mortality in developing countries and significant economic burden to developed countries. Viruses are responsible for approximately 70% of episodes of acute gastroenteritis in children and rotavirus is one of the best studied of these viruses. Oral rehydration therapy is as effective as intravenous therapy in treating mild to...

BACKGROUND Acute gastroenteritis is characterized by diarrhea, which may be accompanied by nausea, vomiting, fever, and abdominal pain. OBJECTIVE To review the evidence on the assessment of dehydration, methods of rehydration, and the utility of antiemetics in the child presenting with acute gastroenteritis. DISCUSSION The evidence suggests that the three most useful predictors of 5% or mor...

Diarrhoea continues to be a leading cause of morbidity and mortality around the world, resulting in an estimated 1.5 billion episodes and 1.5 million to 2.2 million deaths annually among children aged less than five years (1,2). Oral rehydration therapy (ORT) effectively treats mild-to-moderate dehydration due to diarrhoea and, for the past three decades, has saved millions of lives, mostly in ...

Forty patients with moderate degrees of dehydration and acidosis because of acute watery diarrhoea were successfully treated randomly with either WHO recommended oral rehydration solution containing 2.5 g sodium bicarbonate or an oral solution containing 2.94 g sodium citrate in place of sodium bicarbonate per litre of oral rehydration rehydration solution. Efficacies were compared by measuring...

Diarrheal disease causes ∼1.34 million deaths per year among children under 5 years of age globally. We conducted a Health Care Utilization and Attitudes Survey of 1,012 primary caregivers of children aged 0-11, 12-23, and 24-59 months randomly selected from a Demographic Surveillance population in rural Gambia. Point prevalence of diarrhea was 7.7% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 6.1-9.8); 23....

Cholera drove the sanitary revolution in the industrialized world in the 19th century and now is driving the development of oral rehydration therapy (ORT) in the developing world. Despite the long history of cholera, only in the 1960s and 1970s was ORT fully developed. Scientists described this treatment after the discovery of the intact sodium-glucose intestinal cotransport in patients with ch...

The objective of this study was to assess changes in membrane permeability during rehydration of freeze-dried Weissella paramesenteroides LC11. Viability was assessed using the electrical conductivity measurement (ms cm -1 g -1 dry weight) and the plate count method (cfu g -1 dry weight). The symptoms of injury included an increase in the electrolyte leakage during the first 4 h of rehydration ...

OBJECTIVE To ascertain if the use of a paediatric oral rehydration protocol in the emergency department changed rates of admission, total time spent in hospital, total time spent in the emergency department, or number of unscheduled returns to the emergency department. METHODS A two month time period was analysed before and then after the adoption of an oral rehydration protocol for children ...

INTRODUCTION Morbidity and mortality due to acute but treatable conditions remain high in the developing world, as many significant barriers exist to providing emergency medical care. This study investigates these barriers in a rural region of Ethiopia. HYPOTHESIS The limited capacity of frontline healthcare workers to diagnose and treat acute medical and surgical conditions represents a majo...