The intracellular environment imposes a variety of constraints on biochemical reaction systems that can substantially change reaction rates and equilibria relative to an ideal solution-based environment. One of the most notable features of the intracellular environment is its dense macromolecular crowding, which, among many other effects, tends to strongly enhance binding and assembly reactions...

Objective: For investigation of intercropping of maize and faba bean, an experiment was conducted in Research Station of Agriculture Faculty of Tabriz University during growing season of 2013. Methods: Experimental design was randomized complete block design with three replications and seven treatment. Treatments included one row intercropping (1:1), 4 strip intercropping pattern with ratios of...

in order to evaluate the intercropping of corn (zea mays l.) and bean cultivars (phaseolus spp.) an experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design with three replicaties at sari agricultural sciences and natural resources university during growing season of 2010. the experimental treatments consisted of sole cropping of corn, white bean, bush bean, red bean, pinto bean and swo...

seasonal activity and spatial distribution of eoteranychus frosti mcgregor, tydeus longisetosus (elbagouy and momen) and zetzellia mali ewing were studied during 9th july to 22th october 2006 in an unsprayed apple orchard, maragheh region, northwest of iran. also the density dependence interaction between preys and predator was assessed. to estimate the spatial distribution pattern of these spe...

Intraand inter-specific competition between seedlings of Acacia etbaica Schweinf. and the grass Hyparrenia hirta (L.) Stapf. was studied to evaluate the influence of the perennial grass on the establishment of the tree seedlings. The experiment was conducted using a replacement series in which plants were grown in a greenhouse at an overall density of six individuals per pot, providing combinat...

The change in lower arch crowding 3-4 years after second permanent molar eruption was examined in 85 subjects, in relation to the angulation and change in angulation of molars and incisors relative to the mandibular plane using correlation and multiple regression analyses. Crowding increased significantly during the observation periods. Changes in molar and incisor angulation in both mesial and...

The high concentration of macromolecules (i.e., macromolecular crowding) in cellular environments leads to large quantitative effects on the dynamic and equilibrium biological properties. These effects have been experimentally studied using inert macromolecules to mimic a realistic cellular medium. In this paper, two different experimental in vitro systems of diffusing proteins which use dextra...

Peripheral objects and their features become indistinct when closely surrounding but nonoverlapping objects are present. Most models suggest that this phenomenon, called crowding, reflects limitations of visual processing, but an intriguing idea is that it may be, in part, adaptive. Specifically, the mechanism generating crowding may simultaneously facilitate ensemble representations of feature...