in this paper we try to give a description of the juridical status of religious minorities, muslim or otherwise, in the constitution of the islamic republic of iran. we also deal with the question of whether non-muslim minorities are free to perform their religious practices and the extent of their freedom.

In the United States, active church membership among ethnic and racial minorities has been linked to higher political participation. In Europe, the influence of religious attendance on political mobilisation of ethnic minorities has so far been little explored, despite the heated public debate about the public role of religion and particularly Islam. This study uses the 2010 Ethnic Minority Bri...

1. What is the definition of ‘minorities’ and ‘indigenous peoples’? The term ‘minority’ as used in the United Nations human rights system refers to national or ethnic, religious and linguistic minorities as laid out in the United Nations Declaration on the rights of persons belonging to national or ethnic, religious and linguistic minorities (General Assembly resolution 47/135 of 18 December 19...

The Islamic Republic of Pakistan is a multi-racial and multi-religious nation, with Muslims being in the majority. Its 1973 Constitution guarantees religious freedom to all minorities, including Christians, Hindus, Sikhs. This mainly because Islam itself ensures whole humanity. Unfortunately, some Muslim clerics seem be attempting deny other faiths Pakistan. Their opposition plurality faith con...

In Indonesia, national broadcasting in the 21st century has been characterized by increasing Muslim normativity across the spectrum of commercial programming, along with sectarian clashes that have further marginalized religious minorities. This article investigates the case of a small, regional television station in one of the country’s Christian-majority provinces to explore the ways that suc...

Why do religious minorities respond in different ways to economic development? We develop a model of religious organizations based on a historical case study of Jewish emancipation in nineteenth century Europe. In Germany, a liberal Reform movement developed in response to emancipation, while ultra-Orthodox Judaism emerged in eastern Europe. Our explanation for this polarization contributes to ...