The results of N -body simulations of the effects of the expulsion of residual gas (that gas not used in star formation) from very young globular clusters is presented. Globular clusters of a variety of initial masses, Galactocentric radii, concentration and initial mass function slope with star formation efficiencies of < ∼ 50% were simulated. The residual gas was expelled by the action of mas...

Residual hydrogen (H2) gas in the analysis chamber of an atom probe instrument limits the ability to measure H concentration in metals and alloys. Measuring H concentration would permit quantification of important physical phenomena, such as hydrogen embrittlement, corrosion, hydrogen trapping, and grain boundary segregation. Increased insight into the behavior of residual H2 gas on the specime...

conclusions we conclude that volume of residual pneumoperitoneum is a contributing factor in the etiology of postoperative pain after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. results at the end of the study, 17 patients (30.9%) had no residual pneumoperitoneum after 24 hours; which 23 (41.81%) had mild residual pneumoperitoneum, eight (14.54%) had moderate pneumoperitoneum and seven (12.72%) had severe pn...

This paper is concerned with the Residual Gas Fraction measurement and estimation on a Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) engine. A novel incylinder gas sampling technique was employed to obtain cyclic dynamic measurements of CO2 concentration in the compression stroke and in combination with CO2 concentration measurements in the exhaust stroke, cyclic Residual Gas Fraction was meas...

ABSTRACT Stringent NOx and particulate emission constraints require high levels of exhaust gas recirculation. In this paper we model and analyze a Variable Valve Timing methodology that in steady-state achieves large levels of internal Exhaust Gas Recirculation (iEGR) or residual charge in Compression Ignition Direct Injection (CIDI) engines. Current external Exhaust Gas Recirculation (eEGR) te...

In 1992, the U.S. Federal Energy Regulatory Commission created a secondary market for natural gas transportation whereby shippers holding firm transportation capacity on interstate natural gas pipelines can compete with the pipeline in the provision of transportation services. However, if a shipper does not use some of its contracted firm transportation capacity, the pipeline can resell that ca...