This paper outlines the basic principles underlying reasoning about resources in IPP, which is a classical planner based on planning graphs originally introduced with the graphplan system. The main idea is to deal with resources in a strictly action-centered way, i.e., one speciies how each action consumes or produces resources, but no explicit temporal model is used. This avoids the computatio...

increasing competition in the air transport market has intensified active airlines’ efforts to keep their market share by attaching due importance to cost management aimed at reduced final prices. crew costs are second only to fuel costs on the cost list of airline companies. so, this paper attempts to investigate the cockpit crew pairing problem. the set partitioning problem has been used for ...

Abstract One challenge in explaining neural evolution is the formal equivalence of different computational architectures. If a simple architecture suffices, why should more complex architectures evolve? The answer must involve intense competition for resources under which brains operate. I show how recurrent networks can be favored when increased complexity allows efficient use existing resourc...