Design of liquid retaining structures involves many decisions to be made by the designer based on rules of thumb, heuristics, judgment, code of practice and previous experience. Various design parameters to be chosen include configuration, material, loading, etc. A novice engineer may face many difficulties in the design process. Recent developments in artificial intelligence and emerging field...

Abstract Although UN peace operations began with unarmed observer missions in 1948–1949, the first armed force—the Emergency Force ( UNEF )—was deployed 1956 due to Suez crisis. Scholars and practitioners have since interpreted Secretariat’s 1958 study of that experience, called Summary Study , as a foundational text history peacekeeping because it supposedly codified key principles impartialit...

In 1983–1984, a 29-year-old battery factory worker gradually developed gait difficulties and tremor. In 1984, he was found to have severely elevated serum manganese levels and retired from work. Clinical examination in 1984 (videos 1–3 on the Neurology Web site at www.neurology.org) showed bilateral foot dystonia and profound parkinsonism. His gait was shuffling, although he lifted his knees re...