spastic paraplegia 18 is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by motor dysfunction, joint contracture and mental retardation. we describe two families as three cases. case 1 is a 35-year-old woman with and spasticity and mild weakness in lower limbs. case 2 and 3 are a sister and brother aged six and two respectively. the older sister suffered from lower limb spasticity, equinovarus an...

background adaptation is an important process for humans. children, who are physically or mentally disabled, impose special stresses on their families, parents and in particular on their mothers. objectives this study examines the relationship between the characteristics of mothers who have educable mentally retarded children, and their adaptation based on roy’s adaptation model. patients and m...

Mentally retarded children are who have limitations in intellectual abilities. The classification of mental retardation based on is divided into three classes, namely debil/moron, moderate, and idiot. will step adolescence which be marked by physical changes but not line with their thinking Reproductive health problems arise retardation, especially during menstruation. Personal hygiene menstrua...

conclusions the current study indicated that h. pylori infection occurs at a higher rate in patients with down syndrome and mental retardation. this may provide more reasons to control the transmission of h. pylori among them. results the differences between the groups were compared by t-test and x2 test. seropositivity for h. pylori was significantly higher in patients with down syndrome and m...

on pedagogic retardation owing to the fact that the psychological retardation of large numbers of children was impossible to ascertain. The Binet test furnishes us with a method for measuring the psychological retardation of the child. It is, however, almost impossible to test every child in the school system of a great city by means of these tests. This is so for two reasons: first, the length...

Achieving greater independence for individuals with mental retardation depends upon the acquisition of several key skills, including time-management and scheduling skills. The ability to perform tasks according to a schedule is essential to domains like independent living and employment. The use of a portable schedule prompting system to increase independence and self-regulation in time-managem...