In recent years, the ground penetrating radar (GPR) is increasingly used in the detection of riprap embankments. In order to analyze the costal embankment with explosive compaction, model experiments are conducted to investigate the influence of seawater on the signal and image of GPR, especially to figure out the image variation of riprap bottom boundary. The influence of immersion of seawater...

During the implementation of riprap project, underwater migration process stones is quite uncertain because its difficulty to observe. The stone transportation discrete, which makes it unsuitable be described by a continuous differential equation. Therefore, considering distribution jumping and waiting, continuous-time random walk (CTRW) model established. Based on actual engineering data, five...

The Joint Transportation Research Program serves as a vehicle for INDOT collaboration with higher education institutions and industry in Indiana to facilitate innovation that results in continuous improvement in the planning, design, construction, operation, management and economic efficiency of the Indiana transportation infrastructure. NOTICE The contents of this report reflect the views of t...

This study addresses the design of riprap aprons as a scour countermeasure near abutments under clear-water conditions. It deals with the lateral extent of riprap aprons and the geometry of the scour hole prevailing at the apron edge. The study applies to riprap aprons acting as granular filters. The scour depth appears to be independent for a sufficiently long relative abutment length. Scour h...

Environmental legislation in the US (i.e. NEPA) requires defining baseline conditions on current rather than historical ecosystem conditions. For ecosystems with long histories of multiple environmental impacts, this baseline method can subsequently lead to a significantly altered environment; this has been termed a 'sliding baseline'. In river systems, cumulative effects caused by flow regulat...

In this study, four types of grout were developed to evaluate the effect of grouting of saturated riprap layers on ground water flow. The developed types of grout are divided into a quick-setting type and a general-type, and also into high and low viscosities. A number of grout tests were performed in a model acrylic chamber, 0.4 m in diameter and 2.0 m in length, for visual observation of inje...

Armoring shorelines to prevent erosion is a long-standing global practice that has well-documented adverse effects on coastal habitats and organisms. A relatively new form of shoreline protection, referred to as hybrid stabilization, incorporates created marsh in combination with a stabilizing structure such as a low-profile stone sill and is being implemented in many US coastal states as a mea...