BACKGROUND Treatment benefits and harms are often communicated as relative risk reductions and increases, which are frequently misunderstood by doctors and patients. One suggestion for improving understanding of such risk information is to also communicate the baseline risk. We investigated 1) whether the presentation format of the baseline risk influences understanding of relative risk changes...

Disaster risk is increasingly recognized as a major development challenge. Recent calls emphasize the need to proactively engage in disaster risk reduction, as well as to establish new partnerships between private and public sector entities in order to decrease current and future risks. Very often such potential partnerships have to meet different objectives reflecting on the priorities of stak...

Although significant advances in risk assessment research and practice have been made in recent years, there has not been any analysis in the professional literature regarding how and whether the emerging practice recommendations apply in Tarasoff-type situations. We suggest that, when faced with a Tarasoff-type situation, the appraisal of risk should be guided by a method that is primarily fac...

Advances in molecular testing and genomic technology offer promise in helping identify people at risk of developing disease and those most (or least) likely to benefit from risk reduction and treatment strategies. Yet not all of those who are eligible for such technologies have access to the benefits of these advances. Given the inequities in our health-care system, there is no assurance that e...

OBJECTIVE Natural disasters and rapidly aging populations are chronic problems for societies worldwide. We investigated the effects of an intervention in Japan known as Ibasho, which embeds elderly residents in vulnerable areas within larger social networks and encourages them to participate in leadership activities. This project sought to deepen the connections of these elderly residents to so...

the adverse effect of climate change on agriculture has increased the importance of weather index insurance, particularly in developing countries. by using several econometric models, this study estimated the price and evaluated its effectiveness in rainfall index insurance for rice and wheat in nepal. crop yields associated with seasonal rainfall in three crop reporting districts were applied ...

Risk is inherent in all human activities, both personal and professional. While the number and variety of risks have grown and changed dramatically throughout history, the basics remain the same: risk of loss of life, limb, health, livelihood, or property due to predictable events (reduced income upon reaching the mandatory retirement age) or to unpredictable events (loss of life in an earthqua...

Risk is inherent in all human activities, both personal and professional. While the number and variety of risks have grown and changed dramatically throughout history, the basics remain the same: risk of loss of life, limb, health, livelihood, or property due to predictable events (reduced income upon reaching the mandatory retirement age) or to unpredictable events (loss of life in an earthqua...

In the 1950s, atherosclerosis, the disease process underlying coronary heart disease (CHD), was considered an inevitable, irreversible, and degenerative consequence of aging. Today we understand that coronary disease is treatable, that atherosclerotic plaque progression may be stabilized, and that prevention through risk factor modification can yield significant clinical benefits. Because ather...