The Root ZX has been introduced recently as a device capable of performing accurately in the presence of sodium hypochlorite, blood, water, local anesthetic, and pulpal tissues. The Root ZX was used to locate the apical foramen in 26 root canals of vital teeth. After extraction of the teeth, a stereomicroscope was used to confirm visually the relationship of the tip of the endodontic file to th...

The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of detecting root canal constrictions by using an apex locator. Seventy impenetrable canals in extracted human teeth were used. Based on contact microradiographic findings, they were divided into three groups: group A (constricted within 3 mm of the radiographic apex, 23 canals), group B (nonconstricted within 3 mm of the radiographic ape...

OBJECTIVES This study compared the ability of several techniques to remove calcium hydroxide (CH) from the root canal and determined the influence of CH residues on the accuracy of the electronic apex locator. MATERIALS AND METHODS Root canals of 90 human maxillary lateral incisors with confirmed true working length (TWL) were prepared and filled with CH. The teeth were randomly assigned to o...

The objective of this study was to compare, ex vivo, the accuracy of three electronic apex locators (EALs), Root ZX II, Root ZX Mini and RomiApex A-15, in detecting the apical foramen (AF). Forty extracted single-Rooted human teeth with vital pulp were used in this study. After access preparation, the Root canal length of each tooth was measured by placing a #10 file until the tip was visible a...

AIM To compare in vivo the Apex Finder and Root ZX electronic apex locators (EALs) at five different stages during root canal instrumentation. METHODOLOGY The Apex Finder and Root ZX were used in 64 teeth with either vital or necrotic pulps. Informed consent was obtained by each patient under a study protocol approved by an ethical committee from the University of Trieste. Measurements were m...

AIM To assess ex vivo the accuracy of various electronic apex locators in locating the apical terminus of root-end resected teeth. METHODOLOGY Ninety extracted human posterior teeth (182 root canals) were prepared to a minimum size of 40 and filled with gutta-percha and sealer. After resection of the apical 3 mm of the root, the root canal filling was removed using HERO rotary instruments. Th...

This study evaluated the accuracy of three electronic apex locators (Root ZX, Novapex, and Justy II) in root canal length determinations using different apical file sizes, considering the apical constriction (AC) and the major foramen (MF) as anatomic references. The diameter of the apical foramina of 40 single-rooted teeth was determined by direct visual measurement and the master apical file ...

OBJECTIVES To evaluate the accuracy of the Root ZX in teeth with simulated root perforation in the presence of gel or liquid type endodontic irrigants, such as saline, 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), 2% chlorhexidine liquid, 2% chlorhexidine gel, and RC-Prep, and also to determine the electrical conductivities of these endodontic irrigants. MATERIALS AND METHODS A root perforation was simu...

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this in vivo study was to compare the ability of digital tactile, digital radiographic and electronic methods to determine reliability in locating the apical constriction. MATERIALS AND METHODS Informed consent was obtained from patients scheduled for orthodontic extraction. The teeth were anesthetized, isolated and accessed. The canals were negotiated, pulp chamber a...