We give an introduction to the area of “randomness extraction” and survey the main concepts of this area: deterministic extractors, seeded extractors and multiple sources extractors. For each one we briefly discuss background, definitions, explicit constructions and applications.

Computational extractors are efficient procedures that map a source of sufficiently high min-entropy to an output that is computationally indistinguishable from uniform. By relaxing the statistical closeness property of traditional randomness extractors one hopes to improve the efficiency and entropy parameters of these extractors, while keeping their utility for cryptographic applications. In ...

Fuzzy extractors have been proposed in 2004 by Dodis et al. as a secure way to generate cryptographic keys from noisy sources. In recent years, fuzzy extractors have become an important building block in hardware security due to their use in secure key generation based on Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs). Fuzzy extractors are provably secure against passive attackers. A year later Boyen et ...

BACKGROUND Agitated behaviors are frequently observed in patients with Alzheimer disease (AD). The neural substrate underlying the agitated behaviors in dementia is unclear. We hypothesized that different dimensions of agitated behaviors are mediated by distinct neural systems. METHODS All the patients (n=32) underwent single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). Using the Agitated Beh...

Extractors are boolean functions that allow, in some precise sense, extraction o f randomness from somewhat random distributions. Extractors, and the closely related “Dispersers”, exhibit some of the most “random-like” properties of explicitly constructed combinatorial structures. In turn, extractors and dispersers have many applications in “removing randomness” in various settings, and in maki...

PURPOSE To evaluate a technique for contrast agent preparation as mixing the patients' blood with agitated saline and to compare it with agitated saline alone in diagnosis of cardiac right-to-left shunt in regard to their sensitivity, time window, and distribution of artificially induced microembolic signals. METHODS Fifty-two patients with stroke who had Transesophageal echocardiography prov...

Natural gas sweetening is an important process which is used for treatment of sour gases. The measurement of solubility is also considered in most sweetening processes such as that of Townsend process. Therefore, experimental measurements would be helpful to determine the equilibrium data under actual equilibrium conditions for the gas treatment plants. In this research solubility of hydrogen s...

Text mining for semi-structured documents requires information extractors. Programming extractors by hand is diicult to catch up with the amount and the variation of the documents placed on the WorldWide Web everyday. This paper presents our recent result on applying machine learning techniques to au-tomatize the generation of the extractors. Our goal is to develop a domain and language indepen...