−− This work presents a mathematical modeling and steady state simulation study of the pilot scale rotary kiln behavior, which was designed to activate charcoal obtained from the raw materials of region of Cuyo-Argentina. The proposed model aims for acquiring useful information to select operating conditions and design parameters. It is a simplified mathematical model that consists of a system ...

A rotary reactor and a fluidized bed reactor (both laboratory-scale and operated in batch mode) are used for the treatment of granulates containing SSA and CaCl ) and treating this mixture (possible after granulation) in a rotary kiln at 1000±100°C leads to the formation of volatile heavy metal compounds which evaporate and to Pphases with a high bio-availability. Due to economical and ecologic...

This report presents the chemical and physical factors governing the generation of sulfur dioxide (SO2), its transformation into other sulfur compounds, and the removal of sulfur oxides within the cement kiln system. Sulfur in cement kilns is derived from both kiln feed and from the kiln fuel. The form of the sulfur dictates the location in the kiln where the SO2 generation takes place. Sulfur ...

A one-dimensional mathematical model was developed for the simulation of limestone calcination in rotary kilns. The model is comprised of ordinary differential equations derived from mass and energy conservation principles. The system of equations is solved by a fourth-order Runge-Kutta method. The model predicts, in the axial direction, temperature profiles for the bed of particles, the gas ph...

Hazardous wastes from various industrial processes are normally incinerated with rotary kilns in order to comply with current environmental regulations. They have often very complicated chemical compositions in a variety of physical forms and difficult to characterise. The complex transport phenomena within the incinerator are not well understood, and the incineration process expects large unce...

Based on the Alopex evolutionary optimization algorithm with constrained T-S model, this paper presents an intelligent fuzzy predictive controller to solve the control difficulties of industry process with multi-variables. The T-S model is firstly established for nonlinear multivariable systems and its sequence parameters of fuzzy rules are identified by local recursive least square method. The...

Approximately 1.5 billion tyres are produced each year which will eventually enter the waste stream representing a major potential waste and environmental problem. However, there is growing interest in pyrolysis as a technology to treat tyres to produce valuable oil, char and gas products. The most common reactors used are fixed-bed (batch), screw kiln, rotary kiln, vacuum and fluidised-bed. Th...

We consider methods for modeling the temperature fields inside a rotary tubular kiln and in the lining of the oven. These models are used for creating a control system that supports the necessary technological parameters and reduces the heat loss through the kiln body to the environment. Two-dimensional modeling of the processes inside the kiln confirms the applicability of a unidimensional mod...

INTRODUCTION The purpose of this synthesis of available information was to provide the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) with a concise document on the state of the practice regarding the use of kiln dusts for stabilization of subgrade soils or granular base materials in highway pavements. This document should assist TxDOT in making decisions related to allowing the use of kiln dusts a...

Petroleum coke is processed into calcined coke in a rotary kiln, where the temperature profiles of flue gas and coke bed are highly nonuniform due to different flow and combustion mechanisms. Motivated by saving energy costs, the effect of refractory brick's thermal properties on potential energy savings is investigated. This study focuses on investigating potential energy savings by replacing ...