This document specifies the Bootstrap Router (BSR) mechanism for the class of multicast routing protocols in the PIM (Protocol Independent Multicast) family that use the concept of a Rendezvous Point as a means for receivers to discover the sources that send to a particular multicast group. BSR is one way that a multicast router can learn the set of group-to-RP mappings required in order to fun...

In Internet, routing between Autonomous Systems (ASes) is performed by Border Gateway Protocol (BGP). Neighboring routers in different ASes share their routing information by using external BGP (eBGP), while routers in the same AS share their routing information about external destinations by using internal BGP (iBGP). iBGP employs route reflection clustering to solve the scalability problems d...

The optical layer can restore the disrupted tralfic on a persall basis in the case of IinWrouter failures. Thus, the optical layer can provide different levels of restoration for different classes of service. IINTRODUCTION 8. MOTIVATION There is an emerging consensus that IP-over-WDM networking architecture is the most suited for the transport and protection of the rapidly growing IP traffic. I...

As a special subset of ad hoc networks, airborne networks aim to provide efficient network access for airborne and ground assets in a tactical environment. Conventional ad hoc routing protocols face some difficulties in such networks. First, significant overhead may be generated due to the high node mobility and dramatic topology changes. Second, temporary link failure may abort the delivery of...

The dependability deficiencies and bandwidth constraints of the controller area network (CAN) can prevent its use in safety-relevant and performance-demanding applications. This paper introduces mechanisms for fault detection and fault isolation based on an intelligent CAN router, which exploits a priori knowledge about the permitted behavior of attached electronic control units (ECUs) in order...

Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), its areas, and its working groups. Note that other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet-Drafts. Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as refer...

The Reliable Router (RR) is a network switching element targeted to two-dimensional mesh interconnection network topologies. It is designed to run at 100 MHz and reach a useful link bandwidth of 3.2 Gbit/sec. The Reliable Router uses adaptive routing coupled with link-level retransmission and a unique-token protocol to increase both performance and reliability. The RR can handle a single node o...

Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol (VRRP) is designed to eliminate the single point of failure in the static default routing environment in LAN. The original VRRP protocol does not support load balancing for both incoming and outgoing traffic. This paper describes EVRRP, i.e. Enhanced VRRP. EVRRP supports an efficient multiplenode cluster and symmetric load balancing among routers. Each router ...

The Reliable Router (RR) is a network switching element targeted to two-dimensional mesh interconnection network topologies. It is designed to run at 100 MHz and reach a useful link bandwidth of 3.2 Gbit/sec. The Reliable Router uses adaptive routing coupled with link-level retransmission and a unique-token protocol to increase both performance and reliability. The RR can handle a single node o...