fatemeh zahra karimi phd student reproductive health, student research committee, school of nursing and midwifery, mashhad university of medical sciences, mashhad, iran. talat khadivzadeh assistant professor, department of midwifery, school of nursing and midwifery, mashhad university of medical sciences, mashhad, iran masumeh saeidi: student research committee, faculty of medicine, mashhad university of medical sciences, mashhad, iran. sepideh bagheri assistant professor of pediatrics, school of medicine, mashhad university of medical sciences, mashhad, iran