Impervious surface area (ISA), one of the consequences of urban development, has been used as an important indicator for environmental impacts of urbanization. In this study, we extracted ISA information for the state of Rhode Island, USA from 1-m spatial resolution true-color digital orthophotography data by an object-based classification. As the importance of ISA in the watersheds hydrology, ...

land surface parameterization schemes are one of the most important components in gcm and nwp models. these schemes calculate the exchanges of momentum, mass and energy between land surface and the atmosphere. runoff is one of the important components in the water cycle of the land surface scheme whose parameterization is difficult because of complexity in the processes governing the runoff gen...

An automatic calibration framework and methodology for the Xinanjiang model that has been successfully and widely applied in China is presented. The automatic calibration of the model consists of two parts: runoff parameter and runoff routing parameter calibration. The former is based on a simple genetic algorithm (GA). The latter is based on a new method which combines a fuzzy optimal model (F...

This article presents the elements involved in the design of a bioretention planter/trench infiltration-detention system as part of a very large-scale urban retrofit project. The prototype system was designed to intercept all of the runoff from a synthetic 5.08-mm 24-h rainfall event. Diverted flows were conveyed into bioretention planter for treatment. The bioretention systems were fingerprint...

ions: Forms of precipitation, data analysis, rain gauge networks; Infiltration process, infiltration indices and Horton's equation; Evaporation and Evapo-transpiration Pan evaporation, empirical equations for estimating evaporation and evapo-transpiration; Transpiration, Runoff and Hydrographs: Rainfall runoff relations, time area concept, flow duration curve, mass curve, flow hydrograph, Unit ...

Accurate estimation of spatial and temporal distribution of the water resources parameters is a crucial for hydrologic models. During the last decades, engineers and planners have shown keen interest in applying Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and satellite based Remote Sensing (RS) technologies to extract land surface parameters, which acted as a threshold in early days, to obtain reasona...

The hydrological model WASA (Model of Water Availability in Semi-Arid Environments) has been developed as a deterministic, spatially distributed model, consisting of conceptual, process-based approaches, to quantify water availability in large semi-arid regions. Water availability can be calculated with a daily resolution and on different spatial levels. The model has been applied by Güntner (2...

[1] Effective control of nonpoint source contaminants in runoff from urbanized watersheds requires knowledge about the locations of runoff source areas under a variety of conditions. Physical monitoring of spatially variant processes, such as runoff production form variable source areas, is time-consuming and expensive. Thus modeling the processes may provide a valuable cost-effective alternati...