Australia's rural hospitals face most of the same issues and challenges faced by metropolitan hospitals. However they also face additional challenges around geographic isolation, their iconic status and role as major employers in local communities, and their close relationship with community based health services. Future opportunities include more formal integration with community service throu...

abstract: today, informal settlements have been accepted in the cities and towns as a problem and an urban fact facing urban and regional management in different countries of the world. according to past experiences and the evolutions of today, searching for new and efficient solutions in order to improve the quality of these settlements in line with converting them into a habitable zone of urb...

Collateral evolutions are a pervasive problem in large-scale software development. Such evolutions occur when an evolution that affects the interface of a generic library entails modifications, i.e., collateral evolutions, in all library clients. Performing these collateral evolutions requires identifying the affected files and modifying all of the code fragments in these files that in some way...

Design for change is one of the important themes of design patterns. Each design pattern normally embeds some specific ways for future changes. Currently, such evolution information is typically documented in each design pattern implicitly. In this paper, we classify design pattern evolutions into two levels: the primitive-level and pattern-level evolutions. Each pattern-level evolution is repr...

While a dairy cooperative provided the bylaws, managing a cooperative of rural hospitals has been a learn-as-you-go experience. This article presents the management principles that have been learned over the last 13 years. Its experience suggests that developing and managing partnerships requires behaviors different from those typically associated with the management of individual organizations.

INTRODUCTION 'Belonging' is a universal characteristic of human beings and is a basic human need. Rural nurses describe the nature of their practice as being embedded in working as a team where belonging is central to the success of the team and the individual nurse. As a result they form close professional and personal ties. The challenge for nursing students is to develop a sense of belonging...