Containing an epidemic at its origin is the most desirable mitigation. Epidemics have often originated in rural areas, with rural communities among the first affected. Disease dynamics in rural regions have received limited attention, and results of general studies cannot be directly applied since population densities and human mobility factors are very different in rural regions from those in ...

In China, a huge number of workers migrate from rural areas to work in cities. Their children, though, face restrictions when seeking their compulsory education; they may be barred from enrolling in public schools or be required to pay extra fees. This paper is the first to quantify the effects of these educational barriers on the location choices of rural households who have children under com...

OBJECTIVE To determine trends in crude and risk-adjusted mortality for major trauma patients injured in rural or metropolitan New South Wales, 2009-2014. DESIGN A retrospective analysis of NSW statewide trauma registry data. PARTICIPANTS Adult patients (aged 16 years or more) who presented with major trauma (Injury Severity Scores greater than 15) to a NSW hospital during 2009-2014. MAIN ...

BACKGROUND Extended rural clerkships clearly increase the likelihood of rural practice post-graduation. What has not been determined is whether such rural interventions increase the likelihood of graduates practicing in more remote, versus inner regional, locations. METHODS The Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency database was used to identify the current workplace of every gradua...

OBJECTIVE To examine, following statewide dissemination, the influence of an evidence-based home visitation program for first-time mothers on reductions of subsequent pregnancies across time and different locations. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. SETTING Replication sites for the Nurse-Family Partnership (17 urban sites and 6 rural sites) across the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania between ...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Primary care physician (PCP) shortages are a longstanding problem in the rural United States. This study describes the 2005 supply of two important components of the rural PCP workforce: rural osteopathic (DO) and international medical graduate (IMG) PCPs. METHODS American Medical Association (AMA) and American Osteopathic Association (AOA) 2005 Masterfiles were comb...

Atmospheric nitrogen species including NO3-, NH4+ and total nitrogen in air and precipitation samples were collected with low-volume filter packs and wet deposition collectors from March 1999 through the end of December 2000 in seven sampling locations in Connecticut. Three sampling locations were chosen along the shores of Long Island Sound and four were chosen in interior sections of Connecti...