Today, educational evaluation theory and practice face a critical juncture with the kind of educational accountability evaluation legislated by No Child Left Behind. While the goal of this kind of educational accountability is to improve education, it is characterized by a hierarchical, top-down approach to improving educational achievement reflecting a climate of control and efficiency. Democr...

A B S T R AC T This article reformulates the problem of corporate governance through a shift of analytic focus, away from the problems of securing the interests of remote owners, to an understanding of processes of accountability and their effects, both objective and subjective, within Anglo-American systems of corporate governance. In place of the essentialist assumptions about human nature up...

this study examines the mediating role of sense of powerlessness on the relationship between the perception of accountability and citizenship participation among the students of university of tehran. lack of proper accountability can lead to a sense of powerlessness for students to influencing the processes and cause them no incentive to provide cooperation. accordingly, accountability variable...

How does accountability impact political decisions? Though previous research on accountability has demonstrated its potential effects in the realms of business, elections, and more, very little research has explored the effect of citizen accountability in highly ideological, intractable, and political conflicts. This article addresses this issue, looking at the unique interaction between accoun...

In recent years, a number of countries have changed their central banking institutions. Often these reforms involve granting long terms of office to central bankers. This threatens to limit the extent to which the central bank can be held accountability. Dismissal rules can help ensure accountability, and, in the presence of inßation shocks, the socially optimal commitment policy is supported b...

This paper was commissioned by the Global Education Monitoring Report as background information to assist in drafting the 2017/8 GEM Report, Accountability in education: Meeting our commitments. It has not been edited by the team. The views and opinions expressed in this paper are those of the author(s) and should not be attributed to the Global Education Monitoring Report or to UNESCO. The pap...

always, accountability has been a key concept in public administration; but accountability in street-level bureaucracies where people have a daily contact with bureaucrats is of particular importance. the police are among these organizations which their accountability plays a pivotal role in obtaining public trust. the purpose of this study, which was carried out in the police stations of the s...

Inßation targeting regimes deÞne a performance measure for the central bank. A regime that places a large (small) weight on achieivng the target is analogous to a high (low) power incentive scheme. High powered incentive structures promote accountability but may distort stabilization policy. The optimal power under inßation targeting is derived under perfect and imperfect information. The funda...

Role-based access control (RBAC) received serious academic attention in the early 1990’s, although traces of the underlying concepts had been in ad hoc commercial practise since the 1970’s. Through the 1990’s and 2000’s RBAC achieved remarkable success, and today is widely practised as the preferred form of access control. Adoption of the 2004 NIST/ANSI Standard RBAC Model [1] marks a maturity ...