As a culture-bound syndrome, koro is described in the DSM-IV as “an episode of sudden and intense anxiety that the penis (or, in females, the vulva and the nipples) will recede into the body and possibly cause death.” Sometimes the syndrome may occur as an epidemic involving several hundreds to thousands of people within a short period of time. While the syndrome individually involves an anxiet...

PURPOSE The aim of this study was to visualize the subarachnoid portion of the nervus abducens by magnetic resonance imaging and to analyze whether aplasia of the nervus abducens is an etiologic factor in Duane's retraction syndrome. METHODS We performed thin-sectioned magnetic resonance imaging across the brainstem level in 8 cases (11 eyes) that were clinically diagnosed as Duane's retracti...

OBJECTIVE To report that maximum weakening of lateral rectus muscles can improve significant exotropia in primary position, abnormal head posture, retraction, narrowing of palpebral fissure and downshoot in exotropic duannes retraction syndrome. CASE A 12-year-old boy with exotropic Duane syndrome presented with downshoot and globe retraction in attempted adduction. Squint surgery was underta...

In pre-consonantal position historical /s/ has changed to post-alveolar /ʃ/ in several different languages. This paper explores whether such cases of /s/>/ʃ/ might share a common phonetic origin. We test whether /s/ is more retracted before /t/ in production and in perception. Production data show that word-medial /s/ has a lower first spectral moment (henceforth, M1) before /t/ than before vow...

We report here a patient with type 1 Duane's retraction syndrome and multiple congenital abnormalities as a result of the VACTERL association. The presented combination of Duane's retraction syndrome and the VACTERL association has not been reported in the literature. The present case was instructive for reviewing the continuous spectrum of ocular anomalies that accompany the VACTERL association.

BACKGROUND Duane retraction syndrome (DRS) consists of abduction deficit, globe retraction and upshoots or downshoots with adduction. The abducens nerve on the affected side is absent in type 1 DRS. After bilateral medial rectus muscle recession in unilateral type 1 DRS may improve the abduction limitation, but still more than -3 limitation remains. CASE PRESENTATION A 6-month-old boy present...

In 1952, Wildervanck described the first case of what he styled the cervico-oculo-acoustic (COA) syndrome. This comprises Klippel Feil's (KF) anomaly (congenitally fused cervical vertebrae), congenital sensorineural deafness and Duane's retraction syndrome (deficient abduction with retraction on adduction). Since that original paper, there have been further reports describing this triad, either...