‎In this paper‎, ‎we introduce more general contractions called $varphi $-fixed‎ ‎point point for $(F,varphi‎ ,‎alpha )_{s}$ and $(F,varphi‎ ,‎alpha )_{s}$-‎weak contractions‎. ‎We prove the existence and uniqueness of $varphi $-‎fixed point point for $(F,varphi‎ ,‎alpha )_{s}$ and $(F,varphi‎ ,‎alpha‎‎)_{s}$-weak contractions in complete $b$-metric spaces‎. ‎Some examples are‎ ‎supplied to sup...

Let S be a locally compact foundation semigroup with identity and                          be its semigroup algebra. Let X be a weak*-closed left translation invariant subspace of    In this paper, we prove that  X  is invariantly  complemented in   if and  only if  the left ideal  of    has a bounded approximate identity. We also prove that a foundation semigroup with identity S is left amenab...

States with weak institutions can lose from trade with strong states when trade is subject to predation. The happy liberal idea of trade fostering better institutions and peace can be turned on its head. The Ricardian model of trade subject to predation offered here implies imperialism without capital, contra Marxists. Weak and poor South trades with strong and rich North. Poor South labor is a...

let s be a locally compact foundation semigroup with identity and                          be its semigroup algebra. let x be a weak*-closed left translation invariant subspace of    in this paper, we prove that  x  is invariantly  complemented in   if and  only if  the left ideal  of    has a bounded approximate identity. we also prove that a foundation semigroup with identity s is left amenab...