The musculature of the colleterial glands receives innervation from branch 4B4a of the nerves designated 4B, which arise from the posterior part of the terminal abdominal ganglion in the female cockroach Periplaneta americana (L). Using Methylene Blue staining, the gross anatomy of the colleterial gland innervation has been described. Cobalt backfilling via branch 4B4 of nerve 4B revealed about...

The segmental ganglia of the locust contain efferent neuromodulatory neurones with cell bodies at the dorsal midline and axons that supply muscles and other tissue on both sides of the body. These are the dorsal unpaired median (DUM) neurones. Intracellular recordings were made from pairs of known metathoracic efferent DUM neurones in locusts in which all nerves were intact and in isolated meta...

Masticophis mentovarius (Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854) occurs at low and moderate elevations in Lowland Dry Forest Premontane Moist Forest. This species is known Costa Rica mainly from the dry lowlands of northwest. Here we report presence M. Tropical Cloud Monteverde, Rica, 1275 m a.s.l. The new records provide information on true limits distribution may repres...

past directions Historically, many electrophysiological studies performed in vivo indicated that the somata of some insect neurones were electrically inexcitable (Hoyle and Burrows, 1973) or displayed only attenuated action potentials (Crossman et al., 1971) that corresponded, sometimes, to electrical activity propagated electrotonically from more or less distant regions of active membrane. How...

Together with type A GABA and strychnine-sensitive glycine receptors, glutamate-gated chloride channels (GluCl) are members of the Cys-loop family of ionotropic receptors, which mediate fast inhibitory neurotransmission. To date, GluCls are found in invertebrates only and therefore represent potential specific targets for insecticides, such as ivermectin and fipronil. In this study, we identifi...

Identification of the different intracellular pathways that control phosphorylation/dephosphorylation process of ionic channels represents an exciting alternative approach for studying the ionic mechanisms underlying neuronal pacemaker activity. In the central nervous system of the cockroach Periplaneta americana, octopaminergic neurons, called dorsal unpaired median (DUM; DUM neurons), generat...

The metabolic state is one of the determinants of the general activity level. Satiety is related to resting or sleep whereas hunger correlates to wakefulness and activity. The counterpart to the mammalian satiety signal cholecystokinin (CCK) in insects are the sulfakinins. The aim of this study was to resolve the mechanism by which the antifeedant activity of perisulfakinin (PSK) in Periplaneta...

When valuable data is exchanged or bought, it is frequently encumbered by restrictions on how it may be used. For example, clinical data must not be used in such a way as to expose the patients’ identities. To date, these restrictions are enforced only contractually and compliance is checked only manually, if at all. To meet the needs of this growing set of applications, we present the vision f...