Spinosad (spinosyn A and spinosyn D), the secondary metabolite produced by Saccharopolyspora spinosa, is a potent insecticide with low effects on environment mammals. Strategies such as metabolic engineering, mutagenesis fermentation process optimization have been employed for its production enhancement. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR) one of preferred methods evaluati...

Glyphosate and atrazine are two herbicides used worldwide to ensure high yields in different types of crops. Despite the importance herbicides, their application may have negative effects on non-target organisms, including bacteria biological control nitrogen fixation. Therefore, this research aimed analyze vitro effect glyphosate growth Azospirillum brasilense, Bacillus subtilis, thuringiensis...

Spinetoram is a derivative of biological active substances (spinosyns) produced by the soil actinomycete Saccharopolyspora spinosa, and is a semi-synthetic spinosyn discovered during modification studies of natural substances by Dow AgroSciences LLC.1) Regarding spinetoram development, foreign countries have preceded Japan. Spinetoram’s pesticide registration was approved in New Zealand in 2007...

UNLABELLED Spinosad, a highly effective insecticide, has an excellent environmental and mammalian toxicological profile. Global market demand for spinosad is huge and growing. However, after much effort, there has been almost no improvement in the spinosad yield from the original producer, Saccharopolyspora spinosa Here, we report the heterologous expression of spinosad using Saccharopolyspora ...

Forosamine at the 17-position of spinosyns A and D was hydrolyzed under mild acidic conditions to give the corresponding 17-pseudoaglycones. The tri-O-methylrhamnose at the 9-position of the 17-pseudoaglycone of spinosyn A was hydrolyzed under more vigorous acidic conditions to give the aglycone of spinosyn A. However, these conditions led to decomposition of the 17-pseudoaglycone of spinosyn D...