Toads (Bufo arenarum) were exposed to pairings between immersion in a neutral saline solution (i.e., one that caused no significant variation in fluid balance), followed by immersion in a highly hypertonic saline solution (i.e., one that caused water loss). In Experiment 1, solutions were presented in a Pavlovian conditioning arrangement. A group receiving a single neutral-highly hypertonic pai...

Hypertonic saline solutions (HSS) have several characteristics that may improve the survival of patients during the initial treatment of certain types of shock. The use of isotonic crystalloids for resuscitation has several limitations: large infusion volumes are needed to increase the intravascular space; these large volumes cannot be given rapidly; and the fluid rapidly redistributes througho...

Mannitol is used as an indirect challenge test to assess airway hyperresponsiveness in asthmatic adults and children as young as 4 years old [1–4]. Recently, it has been tested with success in adults as a sputum inducer [5, 6]. In children, induced sputum is usually obtained by hypertonic saline solution (HSS) and has several indications, such as sample obtaining in infectious diseases [7], mon...

There is currently no licensed vaccine that protects foals against Rhodococcus equi-induced pneumonia. Oral administration of live, virulent R. equi to neonatal foals has been demonstrated to protect against subsequent intrabronchial challenge with virulent R. equi. Electron beam (eBeam)-inactivated R. equi are structurally intact and have been demonstrated to be immunogenic when administered o...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy of furosemide for prevention of exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage (EIPH) in Thoroughbred racehorses under typical racing conditions. DESIGN Randomized, placebo-controlled, blinded, crossover field trial. ANIMALS 167 Thoroughbred racehorses. PROCEDURES Horses were allocated to race fields of 9 to 16 horses each and raced twice, 1 week apart, with each...

This article presents a methodology for acquisition and analysis of bright-field amplitude contrast image data in high-throughput screening (HTS) for the measurement of cell density, cell viability, and classification of individual cells into phenotypic classes. We present a robust image analysis pipeline, where the original data are subjected to image standardization, image enhancement, and se...

One hundred and seventy-four consecutive patients with symptoms of derangement of the knee were examined with an arthroscope under local anaesthesia using a continuous pressure-irrigation system. A 0.2 per cent prilocaine-saline solution was used as irrigation fluid. In the first 19 patients the serum level of prilocaine was monitored for six hours after the start of irrigation. Eighteen of the...

abstract background: despite advances in the field of intravenous therapy, phlebitis is still a common complication of peripheral venous catheter and finding an appropriate solution to prevent and reduce the incidence of this complication remains challenging. one of the methods used in reducing the incidence of phlebitis is the use of saline lock, which is forgotten in most hospitals. therefore...

In an attempt to investigate the effect of tissue plasminogen activator in the resolution of intracerebral haematoma an experimental model of intracerebral haematoma was designed in the cat. A total of 24 adult cats were studied. Intracerebral hematomas were provoked by stereotaxically injecting 0.2 ml of dotted human blood into the left frontal lobe. Control animals received 0.2 ml of normal s...