soil and water assessment tool model, swat, uses different layers of watershed data which out of soil layer is the important one. soil layer data should be extracted from detailed soil maps. in most developing countries including iran, these detailed maps are not available except for irrigation districts and rarely for dry land farming areas and also for some strategic places of development pur...

Solubility and bioavailability of heavy metals are important with respect to theirtoxicity. The discharge of municipal wastewater in soil and surface waters can affectbioavailability and mobility of heavy metals in soils and sediments. The effect of dischargeof Arak municipal wastewater on the KNO3 and DTPA extractable heavy metals in a salinesoil sampled from Mighan playa (Iran) compared to a ...

Salinization of soil is primarily caused by capillary rise from saline shallow groundwater orapplication of saline irrigation water. In this investigation, the transient state analytical modelwas modified to predict water uptake from saline shallow groundwater, actual cropevapotranspiration, soil water content, dry matter, seed yield and soil salinity under differentsaline groundwater depths, i...

Soil salinization is a major problem affecting soils and threatening agricultural sustainability in arid semi-arid regions, which makes it necessary to establish an efficient strategy manage soil salinity confront economic challenges that arise from it. Saline recovery involving drainage of shallow saline groundwater the removal salts by natural rainfall or irrigation are good strategies for re...

The effects of salinity on soil organic carbon (SOC) and its labile fractions including microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and easily oxidation organic carbon (EOC), basal soil respiration, and soil nematode community in the Fluvents, an oasis in an arid region of northwestern China were investigated. Five sites were selected which had a salinity gradient with different groundwater table from 1.0 m...

salinity and sodicity are the major factors of soil degradation in arid and semiarid areas. the main aim of this study was to evaluate the capability of liss_iii data for soil salinity and sodicity mapping in a selected part of the qazvin plain, an area of arid environment. during the study, spectral classes were carried out of the remotely sensed data and then with the help of field observatio...

The effect of soil salinity on the growth and competition among Helianthus paradoxus, H. annuus, and H. petiolaris was examined in a greenhouse experiment to determine the role competition might have in leading to the narrow endemism of H. paradoxus. Helianthus paradoxus (the Pecos sunflower or puzzle sunflower) is a threatened annual species that is federally listed and only found in a few are...

The technology of freezing saline water irrigation (FSWI) with plastic mulching has been regarded as an effective way to reclaim the highly saline soil in coastal plains, which enabled the growth of crops in heavy saline soil that was not suitable for any crop growth before. However, after long-term treatment with FSWI, the microenvironment of the soil has been found to be affected by the growt...

introduction: iron is found in different forms in the soil. in the primary minerals, iron is found as fe3+ or fe2+ which converted to fe2+ and released in unsuitable reduction conditions. minerals such as sulfide or chlorine and bicarbonate can affect and change the different forms soil fe. feas these elements are abundance in groundwater or soil, they are capable to react chemically with fe an...