The normal migration route of B cells into follicular areas of spleen and lymph nodes is altered in the case of autoreactive cells that have bound self-antigen. To begin characterizing the molecular requirements for B cell migration into follicles, cells were treated with pertussis toxin (PTX), an inhibitor of signaling by many G protein-coupled chemokine receptors. Lymphocyte accumulation in t...

Light and electron microscopic studies of blood-spleen barrier was done in various age groups of Nandanam Chicken ranging from day-old to forty weeks. The spleen is the largest secondary lymphoid organ which can perform filtration of blood and also the primary site for imunocyte proliferation and differentiation. The results showed that the parenchyma was madeup of white and red pulp. The white...

This study evaluated the influence of the pulp protection technique on clinical performance of amalgam restorations after three years, with particular reference to post-operative sensitivity and secondary caries. One hundred and twenty (120) Class II amalgam restorations (68 premolars, 52 molars; 78 MOD, 42 OD/MO) were placed in 30 participants (four restorations per participant). The restorati...

Resin acids in many pulp mill effluents are primary sources of toxicity to fish. Inconsistent biological detoxification of chlorinated and nonchlorinated resin acids in secondary treatment of pulp mill effluents is a continuing source of concern. An alternative approach to effluent detoxification is to remove or modify the toxic compounds present in wood chips prior to pulping. Results from exp...

OBJECTIVE This study was designed to investigate radiographically the effects of age and external irritating stimuli on the morphology and thickness of the pulp chamber ceiling and floor in mandibular molars. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 234 panoramic radiographs were recruited and 494 mandibular molars were examined in this study. The sample was divided into six age groups: Group 1, <20 ...

Background and objectives: Colocynthin is the major active secondary metabolite of colocynth, Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrad, which has been used in traditional and ethno medicine of many countries.  It could be considered as an active marker for quality control of colocynth and its herbal products. Analysis and standardization of colocynth and its herbal preparations are a critical...

Dentin is a calcified tissue of the body, and along with enamel, cementum, and pulp is one of the four major components of teeth. Usually, it is covered by enamel on the crown and cementum on the root and surrounds the entire pulp. By weight, 70% of dentin consists of the mineral hydroxylapatite, 20% is organic material and 10% is water [3]. Secondary dentin may be defined as the dentin formed ...

We investigated three-dimensional decrease in the volume of the pulp chamber caused by age-related secondary dentin formation using micro-CT and evaluated the applicability of the results to evaluation of age taking into account sex, age and tooth type. Decrease was slightly higher in females than in males, and a higher correlation between decrease and aging was observed in females. A compariso...

BACKGROUND Recent studies reported on the very complex morphology of the pulp system in equine cheek teeth. The continuous production of secondary dentine leads to distinct age-related changes of the endodontic cavity. Detailed anatomical knowledge of the dental cavities in all ages is required to explain the aetiopathology of typical equine endodontic diseases. Furthermore, data on mandibular ...

BACKGROUND In equine practice, teeth corrections by means of motorized grinding systems are standard procedure. The heat resulting from that treatment may cause irreparable damage to the dental pulp. It has been shown that a 5.5°C temperature rise may cause severe destruction in pulp cells. Hence, the capability to continuously form secondary dentine is lost, and may lead, due to equine-typical...