The importance of competition in determining species coexistence has been much debated. A phylogenetic analysis of sedges indicates that competitive exclusion may inhibit co-occurrence among closely related species, but not among more distant relatives.

We prove a theorem about the decomposition of certain n-regular Cayley graphs into any tree with n edges. This result implies that the product of any r cycles of even length and the cube Qs decomposes into copies of any tree with 2r + sedges.

A small minority of Africa's wild plant foods are C4. These are primarily the seeds of some of the C4 grasses, the rootstocks and stem/leaf bases of some of the C4 sedges (especially papyrus), and the leaves of some of the C4 herbaceous dicots (forbs). These wild food plants are commonly found in disturbed ground and wetlands (particularly the grasses and sedges). Multiple lines of evidence ind...

C(4) photosynthesis is an adaptive trait conferring an advantage in warm and open habitats. It originated multiple times and is currently reported in 18 plant families. It has been recently shown that phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC), a key enzyme of the C(4) pathway, evolved through numerous independent but convergent genetic changes in grasses (Poaceae). To compare the genetics of multi...

The Tibetan Plateau is the most extensive high-elevation grassland on Earth, with largest expanse of permafrost. It experiencing climate warming that projected to continue at rates above global mean, potentially jeopardizing ecosystem functioning. We conducted a broad-scale resampling project in permafrost region Tibet examine if plant production and diversity had changed over time. recorded va...