background : episiotomy is the incision of perineum made to facilitate childbirth. here are the two types of episiotomy: median and mediolateral. considering the important role of incision characteristics such as length, angle and distance of initiation point from midperineum line in prevention of perineal rupture and reduction of further complications, this study investigated the comparison ep...

BACKGROUND Given considerable evidence that routine episiotomy increases maternal morbidity and without evidence to support maternal or neonatal benefit, has episiotomy use changed among health care providers? To date, very limited information exists relating to the past and current practice of episiotomy in many developing countries. OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of episiotomy at Aba...

BACKGROUND Episiotomy is one of the most commonly performed surgical procedures worldwide. In the UK the use of episiotomy is selective, rather than routine, and a right mediolateral episiotomy (RMLE) is considered standard practice. According to The National Institute of Health and Care Excellence (NICE, 2007) guideline for intrapartum care such an episiotomy should be cut at an angle between ...

INTRODUCTION Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) through the skin is a nonpharmacological method of pain relief. The present study aimed to compare TENS and lidocaine on episiotomy complication in primiparous women. MATERIAL AND METHODS In a randomized, controlled clinical trial, 80 participants were included from March to July 2011 at the antenatal clinic and postdelivery ward...

OBJECTIVES To evaluate the changing association between lateral episiotomy and obstetric anal sphincter injury (OASIS) for women with low and high baseline risk of OASIS. DESIGN A population-based register study. SETTING Data gathered from the Finnish Medical Birth Register for the years 2004-2011. PARTICIPANTS All women with spontaneous vaginal or vacuum-assisted singleton births in Finl...