An increasing number of sensors are available for forest ecologists and managers seeking to map attributes of forest canopy cover, forest structure and composition, and their dynamics. This Chapter seeks to put these advances within the context of the needs of forest managers and scientists. To do so, we review the basic physics behind a variety of imagery types, discuss fundamental limitations...

drought is a major problematic phenomenon for the mostly semi-arid country of iran. the north centralregions of iran (north of esfahan and ghom province) have suffered from severe droughts several times duringthe last three decades. the frequent occurrence of drought in these regions is due to low and inconsistentprecipitation, abnormally high temperatures, increases in surface albedo and evapo...

Soil moisture is an important hydrologic variable that controls various land surface processes. In spite of its importance to agriculture and drought monitoring, soil moisture information is not widely available on a regional scale. However, long-term soil moisture information is essential for agricultural drought monitoring and crop yield prediction. The hydrologic model Soil and Water Assessm...

geographic information and analysis provide a wide range of data and techniques to monitor and manage natural resources. as an important case, in arid and semi-arid areas, water management is critical for both local governance and citizens. as a result, the estimation of water potential brought by snowmelt runoff and rainfalls seems to be very useful and important for these areas. hydrological ...

Article history: Available online 28 September 2015