Even though significant progress has been made in the development of electrodes for the in vivo detection of catecholamines, oxygen, and various cations, there has been little research on the feasibility of continuously monitoring drugs in whole blood by electrochemical sensing devices. Electroanalytical problems associated with the development of such electrochemical transducers include the ne...

The relative sensitivity of standard gold microelectrodes for electric cell-substrate impedance sensing was compared with that of gold microelectrodes coated with gold nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, or electroplated gold to introduce nano-scale roughness on the surface of the electrodes. For biological solutions, the electroplated gold coated electrodes had significantly higher sensitivity to...

We have used novel microporous biphenylene-pillared layered silicates as receptors in a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) for sensing toluene vapors. The silicate was successfully coated on a QCM electrode modified with 2-aminoethanethiol. The resultant electrode showed quantitative frequency responses due to enhanced adhesion between the silicate and the electrode. The silicate-coated electrod...

A novel type of bioelectronic region ion sensitive field effect transistor (RISFET) nanosensor was constructed and demonstrated on two different sensor chips that could measure glucose with good linearity in the range of 0-0.6mM and 0-0.3mM with a limit of detection of 0.1 and 0.04 mM, respectively. The sensor is based on the principle of focusing charged reaction products with an electrical fi...

The development of widely applicable point-of-care sensing and diagnostic devices can benefit from simple and inexpensive fabrication techniques that expedite the design, testing, and implementation of lab-on-a-chip devices. In particular, electrodes integrated within microfluidic devices enable the use of electrochemical techniques for the label-free detection of relevant analytes. This work p...

We report the fabrication, characterisation (SEM, Raman spectroscopy, XPS and ATR) and electrochemical implementation of novel screen-printed graphene electrodes. Electrochemical characterisation of the fabricated graphene electrodes is undertaken using an array of electroactive redox probes and biologically relevant analytes, namely: potassium ferrocyanide(II), hexaammine-ruthenium(III) chlori...

Flexible iridium oxide (IrOx)-based micro-electrodes were fabricated on flexible polyimide substrates using a sol-gel deposition process for utilization as integrated pseudo-reference electrodes for bio-electrochemical sensing applications. The fabrication method yields reliable miniature on-probe IrOx electrodes with long lifetime, high stability and repeatability. Such sensors can be used for...

This paper develops a dielectrophoretic (DEP) chip with multi-layer electrodes and a micro-cavity array for programmable manipulations of cells and impedance measurement. The DEP chip consists of an ITO top electrode, flow chamber, middle electrode on an SU-8 surface, micro-cavity arrays of SU-8 and distributed electrodes at the bottom of the micro-cavity. Impedance sensing of single cells coul...

On-column conductivity detection in capillary-chip electrophoresis was achieved by actively coupling the high electric field with two sensing electrodes connected to the main capillary channel through two side detection channels. The principle of this concept was demonstrated by using a glass chip with a separation channel incorporating two double-Ts. One double-T was used for sample introducti...

This paper presents a cost-effective sensor system for mattresses that can classify the sleeping posture of an individual and prevent pressure ulcers. This system applies projected capacitive sensing to the field of health care. The charge time (CT) method was used to sensitively and accurately measure the capacitance of the projected electrodes. The required characteristics of the projected ca...