Judea Pearl’s Causal Model is a rich framework that provides deep insight into the nature of causal relations. As yet, however, the Pearl Causal Model (PCM) has not had much impact on economics or econometrics. This may be due in part to the fact that the PCM is not as well suited to analyzing economic structures as might be desired. We o¤er the settable systems framework as an extension of the...

This paper studies the interrelations between independence or conditional independence and causal relations, defined in terms of functional dependence, that hold among variables of interest within the settable system framework of White and Chalak. We provide formal conditions ensuring the validity of Reichenbach’s principle of common cause and introduce a new conditional counterpart, the condit...

This experiment was conducted in order to investigate the effect of chelated form trace elements diet on production traits, immunity, and blood parameters Ross 308 broiler breeder chickens. Treatments included Treatment 1 (Negative control): Mn, Se, Cu, Fe Zn provided as non-chelated form; 2 (Positive 3: 50% 4: 5: Cu 6: 7: Mn 8: Se form. The results showed that over entire period egg mass were ...

an experiment was conducted to determine the appropriate methionine level in broiler breeder’s diet. the treatments consisted of 6 levels of methionine (0.2, 0.25, 0.3, 0.35, 0.4 and 0.45% diets), with 4 replicates of 7 hens each for a duration of 8 weeks and for ages of 28 to 35 weeks. diets contained similar levels of protein metabolizable energy. the levels of the other amino acids were take...

A 3 × 3 factorial experiment with three levels of fennel extract (FE) (0, 50, and 100 mg/kg of diet) and three levels of added vitamin D3 (Vit D3) (0, 3500 and 4200 IU/kg of diet), was carried out to evaluate reproductive performanceand immune response of post molted broiler breeders(76-84 weeks).Broiler breeders were weighed at 10 week after molting (74 weeks) then randomly distributed into 36...