Abstract The construction of shield tunnel often occurs in composite stratum, so it is great significance to study the law surface deformation under working condition stratum order ensure safety construction. Based on actual engineering, ground soil caused by upper sand and lower rock studied using method field measurement. results show that: width coefficient settlement trough basically remain...

This study investigated the vault settlement characteristics of an unsymmetrically loaded tunnel which was excavated by annular excavation via core rock support method. Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to design the experiments, evaluate the results with the purpose of optimizing the value of design parameters for reducing the vault settlement. The parameters such as horizontal d...

Syllable-to-word (STW) conversion is a main task of Chinese Language Processing and a fundamental to syllable/speech understanding. The two major problems of STW conversion are syllable-word segmentation and homophone selection. This paper presents a word pair model (WPM) that can effectively perform homophone selection and syllable-word segmentation to improve Chinese input systems. The STW ex...

For sessile marine invertebrates with complex life cycles, habitat choice is directed by the larval phase. Defining which habitat-linked cues are implicated in sessile invertebrate larval settlement has largely concentrated on chemical cues which are thought to signal optimal habitat. There has been less effort establishing physical settlement cues, including the role of surface microtopography...

Two ground deformation modes, i.e., the arching mode and collapsing mode, may be caused by tunnel excavation. However, development of corresponding to two modes is unclear. A piece a model test facility designed study settlement induced Tunnel excavation realized decreasing area tunnel. tests with different soil cohesion are conducted, form in tests, respectively. The former observed at higher ...

Syllable-to-word (STW) conversion is a frequently used Chinese input method that is fundamental to syllable/speech understanding. The two major problems with STW conversion are the segmentation of syllable input and the ambiguities caused by homonyms. This paper describes a meaningful word-pair (MWP) identifier that can be used to resolve homonym/segmentation ambiguities and perform STW convers...

Tunneling can compromise the safety and serviceability of existing buried infrastructure because settlements, crack openings, dislocations, material strains. A continuum-based soil-structure interaction model, implementing an equivalent Timoshenko beam, is used to evaluate excavation-induced settlements longitudinal deformations tunnels pipelines. Both single twin tunneling scenarios are examin...

There are few studies on the land subsidence induced by shield tunneling in water-rich sandy gravel stratum, which is of high research value. Linear regression and measured data were employed this study to investigate when crossing stratum from Mudan Dadao Station Longmen station Luoyang Metro Line 2. The maximum correction coefficient, ?, settlement trough width ?, introduced modify peck formu...

Because workers must be prepared to constantly update their skills and reeducate themselves for new skills, lifelong learning must be a goal for every teacher and student. The curriculum provided during educational experiences should pave the way for attainment of this goal. This is particularly true for deaf and hard of hearing students. School-to-work (STW) has become an umbrella term for act...

The article introduces into the scholarship collection of findings prehistoric material culture obtained at Bestamak during stationary studies 2001 field season. total area archaeological site is 260,000 m2. It was excavated by Turgay expedition in 1980s. settlement situated on trough connecting West Siberian and Turan plains. In west, bounded Trans-Ural Plateau; east — Kazakh upland spurs Ulut...