This article investigates integrated production-inventory models with backorder. A single supplier and a single buyer are considered and shortage as backorder is allowed for the buyer. The proposed models determine optimal order quantity, optimal backorder quantity and optimal number of deliveries on the joint total cost for both buyer and supplier. Two cases are discussed: single-setup-singl...

This paper introduces a new notion related to the traveling salesperson problem (TSP) — the notion of the TSP ratio. The TSP ratio of a TSP instance I is the sum of the marginal values of the nodes of I divided by the length of the optimal TSP tour on I, where the marginal value of a node i ∈ I is the difference between the length of the optimal tour on I and the length of the optimal tour on I...

Background: Epidemiological studies show that computed tomography (CT) is one of the main sources of ionizing radiations. Shielding of radiosensitive organs is one of the dose reduction methods. This study aimed to assess the eye lens dose reduction and image quality resulting from the use of radio-protective bismuth shield in brain CT imaging. Methods: Bismut...

This paper presents a vendor-buyer integrated inventory model. This paper considers the problem of a vendor and buyer integrated production inventory model for the vendor and the buyer optimization model under quality improvement investment and setup cost reduction in the production system such that the total profit is maximized. The relationship between demand and price is considered as a line...

In this paper, the study attempts to determine the optimal capital investment in setup cost reduction and optimal lot sizing policies for an economic order quantity (EOQ) model with random yields. The setup cost is treated as the function of capital expenditure in technology. The study shows that the expected total annual cost functions with capital investment is convex and develop a solution p...

This paper investigates the impact of setup cost reduction on an inventory policy for a continuous review mixture inventory model involving controllable backorder rate and variable lead time with a service level constraint, in which the order quantity, setup cost, and lead time are decision variables. Our objective is to develop an algorithm to determine the optimal order quantity, setup cost, ...