The piglet was investigated as a potential model for studying brain and cognitive deficits associated with being born small for gestational age (SGA). Naturally farrowed SGA (0.7-1.0 kg BW) and average for gestational age (AGA, 1.3-1.6 kg BW) piglets were obtained on postnatal day (PD) 2, placed in individual cages, and provided a nutritionally adequate milk replacer diet (285 ml/kg/d). Beginni...

OBJECTIVE To investigate whether maternal serum levels of adiponectin in the first trimester are altered in pregnancies that subsequently deliver small for gestational age (SGA) neonates. METHODS Maternal serum adiponectin and pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A) were measured at 11-13 weeks' gestation in 50 singleton normotensive pregnancies that delivered SGA neonates and 300 non-...

background: vitamin d deficiency during pregnancy is associated with some adverse pregnancy outcomes but its relationship with fetal growth is unknown. objective: we compared the 25-hydroxy vitamin d levels between mothers and their small for gestational age (sga) newborns with mothers and their appropriate for gestational age (aga) newborns. materials and methods: the study population included...

OBJECTIVES It remains unclear why substantial variations in neurodevelopmental outcomes exist within small-for-gestational-age (SGA) children. We prospectively compared 5-y neurodevelopmental outcomes across SGA etiological subgroups. METHODS Children born SGA (N = 1050) from U.S. Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Birth Cohort (2001-2007) was divided into etiological subgroups by each of 7 w...

OBJECTIVE Small for gestational age (SGA) infants comprise up to 50% of all stillbirths and a minority are detected before birth. We aimed to develop and validate early pregnancy predictive models for SGA infants. METHODS 5628 participants from SCOPE, a prospective study of nulliparous pregnant women, were interviewed at 15 ± 1 weeks' gestation. Fetal anthropometry, uterine and umbilical Dopp...

Steroidal glycoalkaloids (SGA) are toxic secondary metabolites present in some members of the Solanaceae family, including potato and tomato. The SGA level in tubers of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) depends on genetic factors, but can also increase in response to e.g. wounding and light exposure. An upper limit of 200 mg SGA/kg f.w. is recommended in tubers used for human consumption. The SGA b...

OBJECTIVE To compare risk of stunting at 5 years across etiological subgroups of small for gestational age (SGA) newborns. METHODS We analyzed data of a subsample (N = 1100) of the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Birth Cohort. We defined SGA as birth weight <10th percentile, then classified subjects into etiological subgroups by each of 8 risk factors (ie, maternal prepregnancy underweight...