Monitoring the components of crop canopies with remote sensing can help us understand the within-canopy variation in spectral properties and resolve the sources of uncertainties in the spectroscopic estimation of crop foliar chemistry. To date, the spectral properties of leaves and panicles in crop canopies and the shadow effects on their spectral variation remain poorly understood due to the i...

Individual tree species classification can be done using Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) and aerial multichannel images simultaneously. LIDAR is typically used to derive shape features and aerial images are employed to extract colour features from a dataset. Different lighting conditions are a common problem when images are utilised: the position of the sun has a significant impact on the b...

in order to study the effects of shading on head and its near leaves on yield and yield components of spring safflower genotypes, an experiment was conducted in factorial arrangement based on a complete randomized block design with four replications at agricultural research station, faculty of agriculture, birjand university during 2008. factors were including three spring safflower genotypes (...

this study aimed to determine the effects of different shading ratio and covers on “sultana seedless” table grape quality and storability. grapevines were covered at the veraison stage with 3 shading nets (0, 35, and 75% shading), which were then replaced with covering materials including polypropylene cross-stitch (pc), life pack (lp) and mogul (mg), just before harvest. harvested grapes in al...

The photochemical reflectance index (PRI) is a proxy for light use efficiency (LUE), and is used in remote sensing to measure plant stress and photosynthetic downregulation in plant canopies. It is known to depend on local light conditions within a canopy indicating non-photosynthetic quenching of incident radiation. Additionally, when measured from a distance, canopy PRI depends on shadow frac...

Real-time three-dimensional (3-D) graphics emerges rapidly in multimedia applications, but it suffers from requirements for huge computation, high bandwidth, and large buffer. In order to achieve hardware efficiency for 3-D graphics rendering, we propose a novel approach named index rendering. The basic concept of index rendering is to realize 3-D rendering pipeline by using asynchronous multi-...

The extent of the surface area sunlit is critical for radiative energy exchanges and therefore for a wide range of applications that require urban land surface models (ULSM), ranging from human comfort to weather forecasting. Here a computational demanding shadow casting algorithm is used to assess the capability of a simple single-layer urban canopy model, which assumes an infinitely long rota...

Land Surface Albedo (LSA) of forested environments continues to be a source uncertainty in land surface modeling, especially across seasonally snow covered domains. Assessment and improvement global scale model performance has been hampered by the contrasting spatial scales resolution in-situ LSA measurements. In this study, point-scale simulations Community Model 5.0 (CLM5) were evaluated larg...

This paper investigates the use of shape-from-shading for object recognition. The local surface orientation information recovered using shape-from-shading is shown to provide useful input to an appearance-based object recognition scheme. We consider two representations which may be recovered from shading information the needle-map, and the local curvature shape-index and their relative performa...