lower is a group of transitions involving ls 4p simultaneous with ligand-to-metal shakedown. About 18.7 eV below the main peak is a weak (65 times weaker) quadrupole-allowed transition corresponding to 1s 3d (i.e., ls 3d ls'3d' ). These results are in agreement with typical assignments of x-ray absorption spectra of Cu(tt) systems except that the middle transition is usually assigned as 1s 4s, ...

The phenomenon of ratchetting is defined as constant accumulation of plastic strain or deformation under combined steady state and cyclic loading. It can reduce the fatigue life or can cause failure of piping components or systems subjected to seismic or other cyclic loads. The uniaxial ratchetting characteristics of SA333 Gr.6 steel have been investigated at room temperature in the present pap...

A series of experiments is presented examining the thermo-electro-mechanical response of commercially-available, conditioned, shape memory alloy (SMA) wires (Flexinol®, from Dynalloy, Corp.) during cyclic thermomechanical loading. A specialized experimental setup enables temperature control via a thermoelectric/heatsink in thermal contact with the wire specimen during various modes of testing. ...

Many problems of software implementations appear after roll-out during the shakedown phase. Research have shown that peer advice ties are more effective and preferred by users than traditional IT support structures. However, large organizations are often shrouded in anonymity and individuals often don’t know which peer to ask for advice, resorting to help desks as a last resort. The paper addre...

The aim of this work is to evaluate and to compare the elastic shakedown domain obtained by two different approaches, an incremental simulation realised with an elastoplastic constitutive law and a simplified method, in an axisymmetrical structure subjected to a cyclic thermal and mechanical loading. The elastoplastic model has been developed by Electricité De France and implemented in the Fini...

Compacted unbound granular materials are extensively used as sub-layer in pavement design. Most pavement design guides assume that they are responsible for the degradation and deformation of the roads and railways that they support. Biaxial tests are usually employed to investigate the elasto-plastic response of these materials to cyclic loading. A particularly interesting question is whether a...

For application of the plastic analysis and design methods the control of the plastic behaviour of the structures is an important requirement. In this study, the complementary strain energy of the residual forces is considered as an overall measure of the plastic performance of the structure. Shakedown theorem for the analysis of the plastic behaviour of the laterally loaded piles is developed ...

Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) exclusively selects and utilizes tRNALys,3 as the primer for initiation of reverse transcription. Several elements within the TΨC stem loop of tRNALys,3 are postulated to be important for selection and use in reverse transcription. The posttranscriptional modification at nucleotide 58 could play a role during plus-strand synthesis to stop reverse...