Providing basic financial services to rural people can enhance their security by eliminating the need for them to hold cash and can offer them alternative venues for borrowing. Placing a branch in rural villages is not however cost effective. In recent years, the concept of branchless banking has emerged in which a person who has a phone and sufficient liquidity (called a shopkeeper hereafter) ...

Background: The World is experiencing Corona virus Disease 2019(COVID-19) pandemic. Respiratory and hand hygiene prevents COVID-19 infection. Shopkeepers near medical establishments have higher risk of catching transmitting infection as they cater to patients attendants. Awareness practices regarding preventive measures important for their safety. Objective: To determine awareness related preve...

AIMS The aim of the study was to assess the likely impact of the Scottish Government's proposed alcohol minimum unit pricing (MUP) policy on community off-sales outlets (convenience stores or corner shops), and, in turn, on the local people who purchase drinks at such premises. This research adds to our knowledge by linking sales of alcohol products which will be affected by MUP (e.g. at the pr...

Objective: To determine the effect of masks distribution and awareness pamphlets on practices social distancing infection prevention at small shops essential items during time COVID 19 Pandemic Methodology: This was a quasi-experimental study in which three cycles observations were carried out 120 before, immediately, two weeks after intervention weekdays weekends. Interventions introduced incl...

In the bustling streets of Pakistan, small-scale fruits and vegetables shops stand as vital hubs daily life. These humble establishments are where people flock to satisfy their everyday needs. However, traditional methods employed by shopkeepers using manual weighing scales have proven be time-consuming limit shopkeepers’ ability serve multiple customers simultaneously. But in a world rapidly e...

French price controls and rationing after the Second World War sparked opposition from a broad range of economic actors – farmers, shopkeepers, manufacturers consumers. Towns rang their church bells to mobilise residents against controllers, whom they attacked with verbal abuse physical violence. They associated controllers Vichy collaboration Nazis, rejected as ‘economic tyranny’. Implicitly, ...