Effects of temperature on electrical parameters of polysilicon solar cells, fabricated using the phosphorous spin-on diffusion technique, have been studied. The current density–voltagecharacteristics of polycrystalline silicon solar cells were measured in dark at different temperaturelevels. For this purpose, a diode equivalent model was used to obtain saturation current densi...

nowadays, high-voltage circuit breakers have reached such high short-circuit capabilities that testing them under the full rated voltage is generally not possible with direct tests, and they are conducted by using the synthetic test methods. although the phenomena associated with making tests is of particular importance especially in case of load break switches, but making tests are rather disr...

In the past few years many centres have tended to prefer the pervenous to the transthoracic approach when implanting permanent pacemakers because of the reduced hospital stay and the lower postoperative morbidity. The disadvantages of this approach, however, are an increased failure rate and a greater incidence of late complications associated with the electrode. It may change in position and m...

All electrical systems are susceptible to short circuits and the abnormal current levels they create. These currents can produce considerable thermal and mechanical stresses in electrical distribution equipment. Therefore, it's important to protect personnel and equipment by calculating short-circuit currents during system upgrade and design. Because these calculations are life-safety related, ...

Short-circuit evaluation denotes the semantics of propositional connectives in which the second argument is evaluated only if the first argument does not suffice to determine the value of the expression. In programming, short-circuit evaluation is widely used. A short-circuit logic is a variant of propositional logic (PL) that can be defined by short-circuit evaluation and implies the set of co...