Relative to the broadband white light (BL), postnatal guinea pigs develop myopia in a monochromic middle-wavelength light (ML, 530 nm) environment and develop hyperopia in a monochromic short-wavelength light (SL, 430 nm) environment. We investigated whether transfer from SL or ML to BL leads to recuperation of ocular refraction and anatomy of developing guinea pigs. Two-week-old guinea pigs we...

Several disease states, including hypertension, are associated with elevations in plasma endothelin-1 (ET-1) and variable changes in vascular contraction to ET-1. The spotting lethal (sl) rat carries a deletion of the endothelin-B (ET(B)) receptor gene that prevents expression of functional ET(B) receptors, resulting in elevated plasma ET-1. On a normal diet, these rats are normotensive and thu...

An experiment tested the hypothesis that the masking effects of two nonoverlapping forward maskers are summed linearly over time. First, the levels of individual noise maskers required to mask a brief 4-kHz signal presented at 10-, 20-, 30-, or 40-dB sensation level (SL) were found. The hypothesis predicts that a combination of the first masker presented at the level required to mask the 10-dB ...

BACKGROUND It is well known that suspension laryngoscopy (SL) produces marked hemodynamic changes. Coughing during extubation sometimes causes adverse clinical problems. We investigated whether 10% lidocaine spray could attenuate hemodynamic stress responses due to SL and reduce coughing incidence during extubation. METHODS Sixty patients undergoing SL were randomly divided into two groups an...

Objectives: Since forgetfulness is the major cause of missed appointments, reminder systems can be used prior to appointments. The present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of different reminders [e-mails, social networks, telephone, and short message service (SMS)] in order to reduce missed appointments by orthodontic patients. Methods: Of a total of 751 active orthodontic patients, 379 we...

Jiang Q, He M, Ko WK, Wong AO. Kisspeptin induction of somatolactinrelease in goldfish pituitary cells: functional role of cAMP/PKA-, PLC/PKC-, and Ca /calmodulin-dependent cascades. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 307: E872–E884, 2014. First published September 2, 2014; doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00321.2014.— Although the importance of kisspeptin in the pituitary is firmly established, the signaling me...

article 905 & 949 of iran civil code says that: if there is no inheritor other than husband, he takes all inheritance; but according to article 949: if a wife is sole heir, she takes her portion, that is one fourth, and the reminder will be regarded heirless and encountered according to article 866. this discrimination between wife and husband is based on the famous opinion of shiite jurisprude...